有机肥与化肥配施对黄瓜产量及土壤微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

有机肥和化肥配合施用比单施化肥或有机肥具有明显的优势，但在配合施用时其对土壤生物多样性的影响方面还缺乏深入探讨。在等氮量条件下，将水葫芦（Eichhornia crassipes）有机肥（WOF处理）、猪粪有机肥（POF处理）和发酵床熟化垫料有机肥（FOF处理）分别以1∶1的比例与化肥〔w（N）∶w（P₂O₅）∶w（K₂O）=15∶15∶15〕配施，并以单施化肥（CF处理）和不施肥（CK处理）为对照，分析其对设施大棚黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）产量及土壤微生物多样性的影响。结果表明：采用不同有机肥与化肥配施可以获得与化肥相当或者超过化肥的产量，其中FOF处理产量最高，比CF处理提高26.77%，其次为WOF处理。有机肥与化肥配施不仅可以保持或提高黄瓜果实产量，同时可以提高果实品质，WOF、POF和FOF处理维生素C含量比CF处理增加30%左右。与CF处理相比，有机肥与化肥配施能提高氮素利用效率，但是不同来源的有机肥与化肥配施在氮素利用效率上存在明显差异。PCR-DGGE分析显示细菌群落结构可分为3大类，CK和CF处理群落结构相似，WOF和POF处理群落结构相似，FOF处理则单独成一类；不同来源的有机肥与化肥配施都能提高土壤中细菌的香农-威尔指数和丰度，与CF处理相比最高能提高5%以上。施入外源有机物质可以改变土壤的细菌群落结构，提高土壤微生物多样性，而施入化肥对土壤的细菌群落结构无显著影响。

关键词: 有机肥, 化肥, 肥料配施, 黄瓜, 土壤微生物多样性

Abstract:

Combined application of chemical fertilizer with organic manure has obvious advantages over application of chemical fertilizer or organic manure alone in terms of crop yield, but little has been reported about effect of the combination on soil microbial diversity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate effects of the combined application of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on cucumber yield and soil microbial diversity. The experiment was designed to have 5 treatments, that is, Treatment CK (no fertilization), Treatment CF[Chemical fertilizer w(N):w(P₂O₅):w(K₂O)=15:15:15], Treatment WOF (NPK+water hyacinth), Treatment POF (NPK+pig manure) and Treatment FOF (NPK+fermented bedding). All the treatments, except for Treatment CK, were the same in N input and the combination followed 1:1 ratio. Results show that the treatments of combined application were higher than or equal to Treatment CF in cucumber yield. Treatment FOF in particular was 26.77% higher, and followed by Treatment WOF. The combined fertilization was found to be able to maintain or raise cucumber yield and improve quality of the fruit as well. The cucumbers from the treatments of combined fertilization were about 30% higher than those from Treatment CF in Vitamin C content. The combined fertilization also improved nitrogen use efficiency, but the effect varied sharply from treatment to treatment. PCR-DGGE shows that soil bacteria community structure in the five treatments could be classified into three groups. Treatments CK and CF were quite similar in soil bacterial community structure and Treatments WOF and POF were similar too, while Treatment FOF was unique. The treatments of combined fertilization, regardless of source of organic manure, all increased the Shannon-Wiener index and abundance of soil bacteria by as far as over 5% as compared with Treatment CF, which indicates that application of extraneous organic matter could alter structure of the soil microbial community and improve soil microbial diversity, but the application of chemical fertilizer (CF) has little effect on the soil microbial community structure.

Key words: organic manure, chemical fertilizer, combined fertilization, cucumber, soil microbial diversity

中图分类号:

X53
S141.2

罗佳, 刘丽珠, 王同, 严少华, 卢信, 范如芹, 张振华. 有机肥与化肥配施对黄瓜产量及土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(5): 774-779.

LUO Jia, LIU Li-zhu, WANG Tong, YAN Shao-hua, LU Xin, FAN Ru-qin, ZHANG Zhen-hua. Effect of Combined Application of Chemical Fertilizer With Organic Manure on Cucumber Yield and Soil Microbial Diversity[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(5): 774-779.

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