基于GIS的北京市生态脆弱性评价

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.09.009

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 830-839.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.09.009

基于GIS的北京市生态脆弱性评价

付刚^1,2, 白加德³, 齐月², 闫冰², 贺婧⁴, 肖能文², 李俊生²

1. 北京师范大学水科学研究院/城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100875;
2. 中国环境科学研究院/国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室, 北京 100012;
3. 北京麋鹿生态实验中心, 北京 100076;
4. 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872

收稿日期:2018-01-18 出版日期:2018-09-25 发布日期:2018-10-25
通讯作者: 李俊生,E-mail:lijsh@craes.org.cn E-mail:lijsh@craes.org.cn
作者简介:付刚(1985-),男,山东潍坊人,博士生,主要研究方向为区域生态与生态系统服务等。E-mail:shandongfg@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0500200）；北京市财政资金资助项目（PXM2014-178218-000005）

Ecological Vulnerability Assessment in Beijing Based on GIS Spatial Analysis

FU Gang^1,2, BAI Jia-de³, QI Yue², YAN Bing², HE Jing⁴, XIAO Neng-wen², LI Jun-sheng²

1. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University/Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Lycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China;
2. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Beijing 100012, China;
3. Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100076, China;
4. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China

Received:2018-01-18 Online:2018-09-25 Published:2018-10-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市化背景下"社会-自然"耦合生态系统的生态脆弱性评价成为当今研究热点。以GIS为平台，使用SPOT5和Landsat 8 OLI遥感数据等多元数据，运用"敏感、弹性和压力"生态脆弱性评估框架模型，结合空间主成分分析法，计算北京市生态脆弱度（EVI）、生态敏感度（ESI）、生态弹性度（EEI）和生态压力度（EPI），进行生态脆弱性评价。结果表明：（1）北京市生态脆弱性整体程度呈中等水平，但城镇区域生态脆弱性偏高（极高和高度脆弱区面积占北京市总面积的34%），山地林区生态脆弱性较低（一般脆弱区占研究区总面积的11%）。（2）生态脆弱性的敏感度、弹性度和压力度的权重系数分别为0.196、0.526和0.278，平原地区植被覆盖度低和城镇建设用地比例过高是北京市生态脆弱性的主要影响因子。（3） EVI、ESI、EEI和EPI与土地利用方式均呈显著相关，其中EVI与建设用地相关性最大，Pearson相关系数为0.80。（4）建议北京市生态保护和恢复工作应针对不同区域的脆弱性特征采取相应措施，进行优化实施。

关键词: 生态脆弱性, 生态敏感性, 生态弹性, 生态压力, 空间主成分分析法

Abstract:

With the development of urbanization and industrialization, ecological environment problems have been increasing imminently. Ecological vulnerability has become a hot spot study area of global change and land use/cover change. This paper demonstrates an illustrative analytical framework for assessing ecological vulnerability in Beijing City by spatial principal component analysis resolutions. And ecological vulnerability index system for multiple spatial variables, based on remote sensing data of the year of 2013 and other aspects of spatial ecological environment data, was established from ecological sensitivity index (ESI), ecological elasticity index (EEI) and ecological pressure index (EPI). The results are as follows:(1) Beijing's overall ecological vulnerability is at medium level, but the urban vulnerability index is higher than other districts (extremely high and highly vulnerable areas account for 34% of the total area of Beijing), and the vulnerability index of mountain forest areas are relatively lower (general vulnerability areas account for 11% of total areas). (2) The weight coefficients of ecology sensitivity, elasticity and pressure are 0.196, 0.526 and 0.278. (3) EVI, ESI, EEI, EPI are closely related to LUCC for significant correlations, and the correlation between construction land and EVI is the largest (Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.80). In short, ecological protection measures have good effects on ecological restoration, and some effective measures should be carried out for urban ecological protection.

Key words: ecological vulnerability, ecological sensitivity, ecological elasticity, ecological pressure, spatial principal component analysis

中图分类号:

付刚, 白加德, 齐月, 闫冰, 贺婧, 肖能文, 李俊生. 基于GIS的北京市生态脆弱性评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(9): 830-839.

FU Gang, BAI Jia-de, QI Yue, YAN Bing, HE Jing, XIAO Neng-wen, LI Jun-sheng. Ecological Vulnerability Assessment in Beijing Based on GIS Spatial Analysis[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(9): 830-839.

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基于GIS的北京市生态脆弱性评价

Ecological Vulnerability Assessment in Beijing Based on GIS Spatial Analysis

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