Abstract: The application of organic fertilizer is of important practical significance in the green transformation of agricultural industry. On the basis of survey data from 544 households in Suizhou City, Tianmen City and Xinzhou District in Wuhan City in Hubei Province, binary Logistic model was employed to explore the impacts of family human capital, economic capital, social capital and natural capital on rice farmers' willingness to adopt organic fertilizer. Results show that, with respect to the influence of family human capital, both the amount of household labor and the average educational level of family members have significantly positive impacts on rice farmers' willingness to adopt organic fertilizer. As for the influence of family economic capital, the higher the annual farming income is, the more inclined rice farmers are to adopt organic fertilizer. For the influence of family social capital, rice farmers who have participated in professional cooperatives, are more willing to adopt organic fertilizer, and those whose family members are public officials or village cadres, are more willing to adopt organic fertilizer. With respect to the influence of family natural capital, the larger the scale of land management is, the more inclined rice farmers are to adopt organic fertilizer. Besides, the less the fragments of farmland are, or the poorer the farmland is, the more inclined rice farmers are to adopt organic fertilizer.