尾矿库湿地重金属污染的生物富集特征及风险评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0159

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 22-27.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0159

• 矿山生态保护与修复专题 • 上一篇下一篇

尾矿库湿地重金属污染的生物富集特征及风险评价

韩瑞杰¹, 求瑞娟², 任逸晨³, 王建英², 司万童^2,4, 张雪峰²

1. 内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院, 内蒙古包头 014010;
2. 内蒙古自治区白云鄂博矿多金属资源综合利用重点实验室, 内蒙古包头 014010;
3. 包头出入境检验检疫局综合技术服务中心, 内蒙古包头 014010;
4. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042

收稿日期:2018-03-29 出版日期:2019-01-25 发布日期:2019-01-22
通讯作者: 司万童, 张雪峰 E-mail:siwt02@163.com;jianyw1945@163.com
作者简介:韩瑞杰(1993-),男,山西临汾人,硕士生,主要从事污染生态学方面的研究工作。E-mail:hanruijie0225@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（31460142）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金（2018MS03067）；国家科技基础性工作专项（2014FY110800）

Bioaccumulation Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Tailing Wetland

HAN Rui-jie¹, QIU Rui-juan², REN Yi-chen³, WANG Jian-ying², SI Wan-tong^2,4, ZHANG Xue-feng²

1. School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China;
3. Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Baotou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Baotou 014010, China;
4. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

Received:2018-03-29 Online:2019-01-25 Published:2019-01-22
Contact: 35 E-mail:siwt02@163.com;jianyw1945@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了评估和量化尾矿库湿地中重金属的污染水平，了解重金属的生物富集特征。以包头市昆都仑水库桃儿湾湿地为对照样地，分别采集水体、底泥和花背蟾蜍（Strauchbufo raddei）样品，采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定重金属含量，对花背蟾蜍肌肉、皮、骨和肝脏中重金属含量进行对比分析，并采用目标危险系数对其组织中重金属风险进行评价。结果显示，尾矿库水体和底泥中重金属含量均有不同程度超标。尾矿库南侧湿地和昆都仑水库桃儿湾湿地花背蟾蜍肝脏中Cd、Cu和Pb含量明显高于其他组织，尾矿库湿地花背蟾蜍肌肉中Cd和Pb含量超出GB 2762-2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》和NY 5053-2005《无公害食品普通淡水鱼》标准限值，肝脏与骨的目标危险系数分别达4.22和1.15。研究表明，尾矿库湿地水体属轻度污染，主要为Cd污染；尾矿库湿地底泥污染属重污染，其中，以Zn、Pb污染为较严重。花背蟾蜍组织器官中Cu和Zn含量较高，且肝脏极易富集Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb，肝脏中Cu含量可以作为生物安全和生态保护领域的重金属污染警示指标。研究地区两栖类花背蟾蜍的肝脏和骨存在一定的食用风险，应引起相关部门重视。

关键词: 重金属, 花背蟾蜍, 生物富集, 健康风险

Abstract:

In order to evaluate and quantify the pollution levels of heavy metals in tailings wetland, and to understand the biological enrichment characteristics of metals, the Tao'erwan wetland of Kundulun Reservoir was selected as the control site, and the water, sediment and toad Strauchbufo raddei were collected in the two wetlands respectively. The heavy metal contents of these samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, including toad's muscle, liver, skin and bone, and their consumption risks were assessed by the target risk factor. The results show that heavy metal contents in water and sediment of tailings wetland exceeded the standards to some extent. Cd, Cu, and Pb contents of toad livers in the two wetlands were significantly higher than that in other tissues. Cd and Pb contents of toad muscle in tailing wetland were higher than the National Standards for Food Safety (GB 2762-2017) and Pollution-Free Food Standard for Freshwater Fish (NY 5053-2005), and the risk factors of liver and bone were 4.22 and 1.15, respectively. This study indicated that in tailings wetland, water pollution was mild, and mainly was Cd, but the sediment pollution was heavy, especially for Zn and Pb. The Cu and Zn contents in tissues of toads was higher, and Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb were easily enriched in the liver. Among them, Cu content in toad liver could be used as a warning indicator of heavy metal pollution in the field of biological safety and ecological protection. Livers and bones of local amphibians Strauchbufo raddei poses some consumption risks, and should be given attention by relevant authorities.

Key words: heavy metal, Strauchbufo raddei, bioaccumulation, health risk

中图分类号:

韩瑞杰, 求瑞娟, 任逸晨, 王建英, 司万童, 张雪峰. 尾矿库湿地重金属污染的生物富集特征及风险评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(1): 22-27.

HAN Rui-jie, QIU Rui-juan, REN Yi-chen, WANG Jian-ying, SI Wan-tong, ZHANG Xue-feng. Bioaccumulation Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Tailing Wetland[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(1): 22-27.

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尾矿库湿地重金属污染的生物富集特征及风险评价

Bioaccumulation Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Tailing Wetland

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