杉木纯林和混交林林下草本层种群生态位特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0231

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态位是评价种内、种间关系以及种群在群落中功能地位的重要因子，对人工林营造和经营管理具有重要指导意义。采用Shannon-Wiener和Levins生态位宽度、Levins生态位重叠以及生态位相似性计算方法，比较杉木纯林和混交林林下草本层种群的生态位特征。结果表明：（1）植物在群落中出现的频率越高，生态位宽度越大，生态位宽度最大的华山姜（Alpinia chinensis）和狗脊（Woodwardia japonica）在2种经营方式下的资源位上出现的频率最高，说明其在群落中处于明显的优势地位，相对于生态位宽度窄的种群能更好地利用资源，具有极强的环境适应能力和竞争力。（2）生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间并没有呈明显的正相关关系，而是随该物种占用其他植物资源量的生态位重叠之和增加而增大。（3）混交林林下草本层植物种类多于纯林，且生态位宽度普遍比纯林高，植物对资源的利用程度更明显，种群在群落发展中更具优势。（4）混交林和纯林的生态位重叠指数普遍不高，种间竞争强度不强，种群存在分化现象，说明林地资源较为丰富，但混交林的生态位重叠指数和生态位相似性比例的平均值均比纯林高。总体上混交林林下草本层物种多样性和植物对资源的利用能力较高，在经营模式上优于纯林。

关键词: 纯林, 混交林, 生态位宽度, 生态位重叠, 生态位相似性比例

Abstract:

Niche is an important factor to evaluate intraspecific and interspecific relationships, and it is of vital significance to silviculture and plantation management. Shannon-Wiener, Levins' niche width, Levins' niche overlap and niche proportional similarity were used to compare the niche characteristics of understory herbaceous layers in Cunninghamia lanceolata pure forest and mixed forest. The results indicate that (1) When the occurrence frequency of a plant was higher in the community, its niche was broader. Alpinia chinensis and Woodwardia japonica, with the widest niches, showed the highest frequency under both forest types. That is, the two species were dominant in the community. Compared with the species having narrow niche width, these two species can acquire resources more efficiently because of their strong environmental adaptability and competitiveness. (2) There were no apparent positive relationships between niche width and niche overlap. However, niche width increased with the increase in the combined niche overlap by these species over that of the other plants. (3) When compared with the pure forest, the number of plant species in the understory herbaceous layer of the mixed forest was higher, and the niche width in the mixed forest was higher than that in the pure forest. This finding indicates that the plants in the understory herbaceous layer in the mixed forest make more complete use of the resources. Moreover, plant populations in the mixed forest have better developmental advantages than the plants in the pure forest community. (4) The niche overlapping indexes of both the mixed and pure forests were not high. The interspecific competition intensity was not strong, and there was a differentiation between the populations. The study suggests that both forest resources are abundant, but the average value of niche overlapping indexes and niche proportional similarity under mixed forest are higher than those in the pure forest. In general, compared with the pure forest, species diversity and the ability of plant species to use resources in the understory herbaceous layer in the mixed forest are higher as well as management mode.

Key words: pure forest, mixed forest, niche width, niche overlap, niche proportional similarity

中图分类号:

X82
S718.5

冯玉超, 郑晓阳, 王正宁, 刘博, 兰思仁. 杉木纯林和混交林林下草本层种群生态位特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(2): 217-224.

FENG Yu-chao, ZHENG Xiao-yang, WANG Zheng-ning, LIU Bo, LAN Si-ren. Niche Characteristics of Plant Populations in Understory Herbaceous Layer of Cunninghamia lanceolata Pure Forest and Mixed Forest[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(2): 217-224.

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