浙江省开化县钱江源国家公园及周边区域的鸟类多样性

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0239

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2015年夏季和冬季，采用样线法对浙江开化县钱江源国家公园及周边区域的鸟类多样性进行调查，共记录鸟类12目39科112种，其中国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类9种。两季总体而言留鸟种数最多，占鸟类物种总数的57.14%，夏候鸟和冬候鸟各占19.64%。夏季留鸟（67.90%）比例高于冬季（61.25%）。区系方面，东洋界最多（57.14%），其次为古北界（38.39%），夏季东洋界鸟类（70.37%）比例高于冬季（52.50%）。钱江源国家公园的物种数和物种多样性高于周边区域。夏季农田村庄（农田村庄周边分布有丘陵）和城镇用地的多样性指数和物种数较高，次生林优势度指数最高；冬季鸟类多样性指数和物种数最高的生境是农田村庄，物种数最低的生境为天然林。研究结果表明，中度干扰强度的生境（周边有丘陵的农田村庄）对鸟类多样性的保护起重要作用，而天然原生林对保护濒危鸡形目鸟类起重要作用，因此这2种生境均应得到很好的保护。

关键词: 钱江源国家公园, 鸟类, 多样性, 生境

Abstract:

Bird diversity in Qianjiangyuan National Forest Park and the surrounding area in Zhejiang Province, China was investigated by line transect in summer and winter. A total of 112 species that belonged to 39 families and 12 orders were recorded, among which 9 species were in the second category of national protected bird species. Resident birds were dominant and accounted for 57.14% of the recorded birds, whereas both summer and winter migrants accounted for 19.64% of the recorded birds. The proportion of resident birds in summer(67.90%) was higher than that in winter(61.25%). Oriental realm species were the dominant species observed(57.14%), whereas Palearctic realm species accounted for 38.39% of observed species. The proportion of Oriental birds in summer(70.37%) was higher than that in winter (52.50%). The diversity and evenness indices differed among various habitats between summer and winter. The number of species and species diversity in Qianjiangyuan National Forest Park were higher than those of the surrounding areas. The diversity index and number of species were high in urban land and farmland-village surrounded by hills. The dominance index of secondary forest was the highest. During winter, farmland-village surrounded by hills had the highest diversity index and primary forest had the fewest species. The results show that moderate disturbance intensity(i. e., farmland-village surrounded by hills) is very important for protecting bird diversity, although primary forest plays an important role in the protection of endangered Galliformes and should be well protected.

Key words: Qianjiangyuan National Forest Park, bird, diversity, habitat

中图分类号:

X835

龚浩林, 曹铭昌, 崔鹏, 雍凡, 邵明勤, 蒋剑虹. 浙江省开化县钱江源国家公园及周边区域的鸟类多样性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 469-475.

GONG Hao-lin, CAO Ming-chang, CUI Peng, YONG Fan, SHAO Ming-qin, JIANG Jian-hong. Bird Diversity of Qianjiangyuan National Forest Park and the Surrounding Area, Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 469-475.

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