粤港澳大湾区生态功能网络构建及对策

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0244

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态安全格局构建是快速城市扩张背景下缓解生态保护和土地开发矛盾、保障区域生态安全的有效途径。生态源地识别与空间阻力面构建一直是生态安全格局构建中的技术难点。以粤港澳大湾区为研究对象，利用1980、1995和2010年3期遥感影像数据，分析土地利用景观格局变化，提取生态源地，采用最小累积阻力模型判定生态廊道，从而综合构建生态功能网络。结果表明：（1）研究区土地利用景观格局变化剧烈，林地始终保持较大优势度，耕地、林地的斑块结合度和聚集度不断下降，破碎化程度有所增加，景观整体趋于不稳定。（2）湾区生态源地总面积约为2 638.3 km²，潜在生态廊道长约705 km，整体生态环境有所改善，但是珠江口东部地区生态连通性差。（3）基于保障自然生态系统的需求，生态源地建设应以北部连绵山体生态屏障和南部海岸等为基底，建设高质量的连片森林，统筹协调跨区域的山林屏障带建设，改善生态源地连通度并提升区域生态系统服务，建设世界级森林城市群。

关键词: 城市群, 景观格局, 生态功能网络, 粤港澳大湾区

Abstract:

Ecological security patterns are important for the optimal allocation of ecological resources,and for restricting the expansion of cities. In order to implement effective protection for maintaining ecological safety in urban agglomeration,it is important to plan and support regional green space. Currently,technical difficulties in studying ecological security patterns are linked to the identification of ecological sources and the construction of spatial resistance surfaces. RS and GIS technology were used to identify ecological landscape types and landscape patterns in the urban agglomeration of the Greater Bay Area using data from 1980,1995 and 2010. Ecological source patches were identified by evaluating ecosystem service importance. A regional ecological network was constructed using the minimum cumulative resistance model and the layout of eco-spatial structure in the region was optimized. Results show that: (1)forestland was the dominant landscape in the study area. The land-use landscape tended to be unstable,with fragmentation increasing and the index of COHESION and AI of farmland and forestland decreasing; (2)the area of ecological sources was approximately 2 638.3 km²,with the ecological source areas accounting for 9% of the forestland. The key ecological corridors,distributed in a branch shape with a radial pattern,were 705 km long. Although the overall ecological environment has improved, distribution was uneven,especially for the connectivity of the ecological corridors to the east of the Pearl River area; (3)in order to enhance the integrity and penetration of the natural ecosystem,it is proposed that to construct a high quality continuous forest based on the northern mountainous ecological barrier and the southern coast forest. At the same time, it is important to coordinate the construction of a cross-regional forest barrier belt to improve connectivity of ecological sources and to enhance regional ecosystem services.

Key words: urban agglomeration, landscape pattern, ecological function network, the Greater Bay Area

中图分类号:

X22
F311

丁宇, 张雷, 曾祥坤. 粤港澳大湾区生态功能网络构建及对策[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(5): 573-581.

DING Yu, ZHANG Lei, ZENG Xiang-kun. The Construction of an Ecological Function Network and Its Application in the Greater Bay Area,China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(5): 573-581.

参考文献

[1] 方创琳. 中国城市群研究取得的重要进展与未来发展方向[J]. 地理学报,2014,69 (8):1130-1144.[FANG Chuang-lin. Progress and the Future Direction of Research Into Urban Agglomeration in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69 (8):1130-1144.]
[2] 彭佳捷,周国华,唐承丽,等. 基于生态安全的快速城市化地区空间冲突测度:以长株潭城市群为例[J]. 自然资源学报,2012, 27 (9):1507-1519.[PENG Jia-jie,ZHOU Guo-hua,TANG Cheng-li,et al. The Analysis of Spatial Conflict Measurement in Fast Urbanization Region Based on Ecological Security:A Case Study of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27 (9):1507-1519.]
[3] 刘洋,蒙吉军,朱利凯. 区域生态安全格局研究进展[J]. 生态学报,2010,30 (24):6890-6898.[LIU Yang,MENG Ji-jun,ZHU Li-kai. Progress in the Research on Regional Ecological Security Pattern[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30 (24):6890-6898.]
[4] SU S L,XIAO R,JIANG Z L,et al. Characterizing Landscape Pattern and Ecosystem Service Value Changes for Urbanization Impacts at an Eco-Regional Scale[J]. Applied Geography,2012, 34:295-305.
[5] SETO K C,GÜNERALP B,HUTYRA L R. Global Forecasts of Urban Expansion to 2030 and Direct Impacts on Biodiversity and Carbon Pools[J]. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109 (4):16083-16088.
[6] 俞孔坚,王思思,李迪华. 区域生态安全格局:北京案例[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012:1-168.[YU Kong-jian, WANG Si-si,LI Di-hua. Regional Ecological Security Patterns:The Beijing Case[M]. Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press,2012:1-168.]
[7] 欧定华,夏建国,张莉,等. 区域生态安全格局规划研究进展及规划技术流程探讨[J]. 生态环境学报,2015,24 (1):163-173.[OU Ding-hua,XIA Jian-guo,ZHANG li,et al. Research Progress on Regional Ecological Security Pattern Planning and Discussion of Planning Techniqueflow[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24 (1):163-173.]
[8] 张浩,马蔚纯,HO Hon Hing. 基于LUCC的城市生态安全研究进展[J]. 生态学报,2007,27 (5):2109-2117.[ZHANG Hao, MA Wei-chun,HO Hon-hing. Recent Advances in Research on LUCC:Based Urban Ecological Security[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27 (5):2109-2117.]
[9] BRAND U,VADROT A B M. Epistemic Selectivities and the Valorisation of Nature:The Cases of the Nagoya Protocol and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)[J]. Law,Environment and Development Journal,2013,9 (2):202-220.
[10] 郭荣朝,苗长虹,夏保林,等. 城市群生态空间结构优化组合模式及对策:以中原城市群为例[J]. 地理科学进展,2010,29 (3):363-369.[GUO Rong-chao,MIAO Chang-hong,XIA Bao-lin,et al. Research on the Model of Optimization and Reorganization of Eco-Spatial Structure in Urban Agglomeration Region and Its Application:A Case Study of the Urban Agglomeration in Central Plains Region[J]. Progress in Geography,2010,29 (3):363-369.]
[11] 吕贤军,李铌,李志学. 城市群地区城乡生态空间保护与利用研究:以长株潭生态绿心地区为例[J]. 城市发展研究,2013, 20 (12):82-87.[LÜ Xian-jun,LI Ni,LI Zhi-xue. Urban Agglomeration Region of Urban and Rural Ecological Space Protection and Utilization of Research:In Changzhutan Green Ecological Region,for Example[J]. Urban Development Studies,2013,20 (12):82-87.]
[12] 杨天荣,匡文慧,刘卫东,等. 基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局[J]. 地理研究,2017,36 (3):441-452.[YANG Tian-rong,KUANG Wen-hui,LIU Wei-dong,et al. Optimizing the Layout of Eco-Spatial Structure in Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration Based on the Ecological Security Pattern[J]. Geographical Research,2017,36 (3):441-452.]
[13] 陈利顶,周伟奇,韩立建,等. 京津冀城市群地区生态安全格局构建与保障对策[J]. 生态学报,2016,36 (22):7125-7129.[CHEN Li-ding,ZHOU Wei-qi,HAN Li-jian,et al. Developing Key Technologies for Establishing Ecological Security Patterns at the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Megaregion[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36 (22):7125-7129.]
[14] 刘菁华,李伟峰,周伟奇,等. 京津冀城市群扩张模式对区域生态安全的影响预测[J]. 生态学报,2018,38 (5):1650-1660.[LIU Jing-hua,LI Wei-feng,ZHOU Wei-qi,et al. Prediction of Expansion Pattern and Impact on Regional Ecological Security of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38 (5):1650-1660.]
[15] 黄国和,安春江,范玉瑞,等. 珠江三角洲城市群生态安全保障技术研究[J]. 生态学报,2016,36 (22):7119-7124.[HUANG Guo-he,AN Chun-jiang,FAN Yu-rui,et al. Development of Ecological Security Protection Techniques for the Urban Agglomeration Area in the Great Pearl River Delta[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36 (22):7119-7124.]
[16] 胡志仁,龚建周,李天翔,等. 珠江三角洲城市群生态安全评价及态势分析[J]. 生态环境学报,2018,27 (2):304-312.[HU Zhi-ren,GONG Jian-zhou,LI Tian-xiang,et al. Ecological Security Assessment and Situation Analysis of Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27 (2):304-312.]
[17] 彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等. 区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望[J]. 地理研究,2017,36 (3):407-419.[PENG Jian, ZHAO Hui-juan,LIU Yan-xu,et al. Research Progress and Prospect on Regional Ecological Security Pattern Construction[J]. Geographical Research,2017,36 (3):407-419.]
[18] 叶鑫,邹长新,刘国华,等. 生态安全格局研究的主要内容与进展[J]. 生态学报,2018,38 (10):3382-3392.[YE Xin,ZOU Chang-xin,LIU Guo-hua,et al. Main Research Contents and Advances in the Ecological Security Pattern[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38 (10):3382-3392.]
[19] 高杨,吴志峰,刘晓南,等. 珠江三角洲景观空间格局分析[J]. 热带地理,2008,28 (1):26-31.[GAO Yang,WU Zhi-feng,LIU Xiao-nan,et al. An Analysis of Landscape Spatial Pattern in the Pearl River Delta[J]. Tropical Geography,2008,28 (1):26-31.]
[20] 张小飞,李正国,王如松,等. 基于功能网络评价的城市生态安全格局研究:以常州市为例[J]. 北京大学学报 (自然科学版),2009,45 (4):728-736.[ZHANG Xiao-fei,LI Zheng-guo, WANG Ru-song,et al. Study on Network Analysis for Urban Ecological Security Pattern in Changzhou City[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2009,45 (4):728-736.]
[21] 李谦,戴靓,朱青,等. 基于最小阻力模型的土地整治中生态连通性变化及其优化研究[J]. 地理科学,2014,34 (6):733-739.[LI Qian,DAI Liang,ZHU Qing,et al. Ecological Connectivity Changes and Its Pattern Optimization During Land Consolidation Based on Minimal Accumulative Resistance Model[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34 (6):733-739.]
[22] 杨姗姗,邹长新,沈渭寿,等. 基于生态红线划分的生态安全格局构建:以江西省为例[J]. 生态学杂志,2016,35 (1):250-258.[YANG Shan-shan,ZOU Chang-xin,SHEN Wei-shou,et al. Construction of Ecological Security Patterns Based on Ecological Red Line:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35 (1):250-258.]
[23] 王丽霞,邹长新,王燕,等. 现代生态保护理念在生态保护中的应用[J]. 生态与农村环境学报,2017,33 (10):865-871.[WANG Li-xia,ZOU Chang-xin,WANG Yan,et al. Modern Ecological Protection Concept and Its Application to Ecological Protection[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33 (10):865-871.]
[24] 闫维,李洪远,孟伟庆. 欧美生态网络规划对中国的启示[J]. 环境保护,2010,38 (18):64-66.
[25] WICKHAM J D,RⅡTTERS K H,WADE T G,et al. A National Assessment of Green Infrastructure and Change for the Conterminous United States Using Morphological Image Processing[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,94 (3/4):186-195.
[26] ERNSTSON H,BARTHEL S,ANDERSSON E,et al. Scale-Crossing Brokers and Network Governance of Urban Ecosystem Services:The Case of Stockholm[J]. Ecology & Society,2010,15 (4):634. DOI:10.5751/ES-03692-150428.
[27] 彭建,杨旸,谢盼,等. 基于生态系统服务供需的广东省绿地生态网络建设分区[J]. 生态学报,2017,37 (13):4562-4572.[PENG Jian,YANG Yang,XIE Pan,et al. Zoning for the Construction of Green Space Ecological Networks in Guangdong Province Based on the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37 (13):4562-4572.]
[28] 广东省人民政府办公厅. 关于印发珠江三角洲地区生态安全体系一体化规划 (2014-2020年)的通知:粤办函 (2014)536号[A/OL]. (2014-11-24)[2018-05-03]. http://zwgk.gd.gov.cn/006939748/201412/t20141211_559384.html.
[29] 吴娇,李月臣. 三峡库区 (重庆段)景观格局变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报,2018,34 (4):308-317.[WU Jiao,LI Yue-chen. Variation of Landscape Pattern and Its Influences on Ecosystem Service in Value in Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing Section)[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34 (4):308-317.]
[30] 郎文婧,李效顺,卞正富,等. 徐州市区土地利用格局变化分析及其空间扩张模拟[J]. 生态与农村环境学报,2017,33 (7):592-599.[LANG Wen-jing,LI Xiao-shun,BIAN Zheng-fu,et al. Analysis of Changes in Land Use Pattern in Xuzhou City and Simulation of Its Spatial Expansion[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33 (7):592-599.]
[31] 陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍. 景观指数分类应用及构建研究[J]. 应用生态学报,2002,13 (1):121-125.[CHEN Wen-bo,XIAO Du-ning,LI Xiu-zhen. Classification,Application,and Creation of Landscape Indices[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002,13 (1):121-125.]
[32] 陈利顶,吕一河,田惠颖,等. 重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建基本原则与方法[J]. 应用生态学报,2007,18 (3):674-680.[CHEN Li-ding,LÜ Yi-he,TIAN Hui-ying,et al. Principles and Methodology for Ecological Rehabilitation and Security Pattern Design in Key Project Construction[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18 (3):674-680.]
[33] 俞孔坚,王思思,李迪华,等. 北京市生态安全格局及城市增长预景[J]. 生态学报,2009,29 (3):1189-1204.[YU Kong-jian,WANG Si-si,LI Di-hua,et al. The Function of Ecological Security Patterns as an Urban Growth Framework in Beijing[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29 (3):1189-1204.]
[34] 杜悦悦,胡熠娜,杨旸,等. 基于生态重要性和敏感性的西南山地生态安全格局构建:以云南省大理白族自治州为例[J]. 生态学报,2017,37 (24):8241-8253.[DU Yue-yue,HU Yi-na, YANG Yang,et al. Building Ecological Security Patterns in Southwestern Mountainous Areas Based on Ecological Importance and Ecological Sensitivity:A Case Study of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37 (24):8241-8253.]
[35] 陈昕,彭建,刘焱序,等. 基于"重要性-敏感性-连通性"框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建[J]. 地理研究,2017,36 (3):471-484.[CHEN Xin,PENG Jian,LIU Yan-xu,et al. Constructing Ecological Security Patterns in Yunfu City Based on the Framework of Importance-Sensitivity-Connectivity[J]. Geographical Research,2017,36 (3):471-4-84.]