沅江源自然保护区生境质量变化遥感监测

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0442

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用遥感技术监测自然保护区生境质量变化情况，对制定差别化的区域生态保护政策具有重要意义。以贵州省沅江源自然保护区为例，基于Landsat影像数据，在Fragstats和InVEST软件支持下分析1990-2018年土地利用变化与景观格局特征，探讨保护区生境质量变化规律，评估自然保护区功能区划合理性并模拟生态保护情景对生境质量的改善效果。结果表明：（1）1990-2018年保护区土地转移主要发生在草地转为林地、耕地转为林地和草地间。土地利用程度综合指数增加，人类活动影响增强，保护区土地利用程度综合指数表现为核心区 < 缓冲区 < 实验区。（2）保护区耕地斑块聚集度提高，人工表面斑块密度增加，景观整体优势斑块连通性增加，破碎化程度降低，林地斑块对景观控制作用增强。（3）29 a间保护区平均生境质量呈现波动增加趋势，生境质量提高8.64%，保护区平均生境质量表现为核心区 > 缓冲区 > 实验区。（4）保护区生境质量改善趋势大于退化趋势。定量评估生态保护情景，沅江源自然保护区平均生境质量指数从当前情景的0.88提高到0.90。退耕还林还草工程的实施以及保护区内人类活动增加是保护区生境质量改变的主要原因。

关键词: Landsat影像, 景观格局, InVEST模型, 生境质量, 生境贡献率, 沅江源自然保护区

Abstract:

In nature reserve, monitoring habitat quality changes by remote sensing technology is of great significance to regional ecological protection policies making. Taking the Yuanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province as an example, combining Fragstats 4. 2 with InVEST 3. 4. 4 software, land use changes and landscape patterns were analyzed based on Landsat-5 TM images, Landsat-7 ETM+ images and Landsat-8 OLI images from 1990 to 2018. Then, the habitat quality changes were explored and validity of the functional zoning was assessed. Finally, habitat quality improvement affected by ecological protection scenarios was simulated. Results showed that:from 1990 to 2018, forest, constructed land and wetland in nature reserve increased, while grassland, other types and cultivated land decreased. The land transformation of reserve mainly occurred from grassland to forest, cultivated land to forest and cultivated land to grassland. As integrated degree of land use increased, the impact of human activities was gradually increasing. The integrated degree of land use was in the order of the core area < buffer area < pilot area during the past 29 years. The clumpy of cultivated land and the patch density of artificial land increased in reserve. Increase of landscape advantage of patch connectivity led to decrease of the fragmentation. Forest patch controlled landscape pattern. The average habitat quality showed a fluctuating increase trend from 1990 to 2018, which increased by 8. 64% than those in 1990. The average habitat quality was in the order of the core area > buffer area > pilot area in the past 29 years. The trend of habitat quality improvement was greater than that of degradation in nature reserves. Under the ecological protection scenario, the average habitat quality of the reserve increased from 0. 88 to 0. 90. The implementation of Green for Grain plan and the increase of human activities were the main reasons for the changes of the habitat quality.

Key words: Landsat images, landscape pattern, InVEST model, habitat quality, habitat quality contribution rate, Yuanjiangyuan Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

顾羊羊, 黄贤峰, 邹长新, 叶鑫, 林乃峰, 张卫民. 沅江源自然保护区生境质量变化遥感监测[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(6): 764-772.

GU Yang-yang, HUANG Xian-feng, ZOU Chang-xin, YE Xin, LIN Nai-feng, ZHANG Wei-ming. Monitoring Habitat Quality Changes in Yuanjiangyuan Nature Reserve Based on Landsat Images[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(6): 764-772.

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