四川盆地丘陵区不同类型自然沟渠植被分布特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0608

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植被是沟渠系统的重要组成部分，对沟渠生态功能的发挥具有重要作用。为促进长江上游沟渠植物物种多样性保护，以四川盆地中部丘陵区不同类型自然沟渠为研究对象，通过野外实地调查，分析了不同类型沟渠内植物种类、物种多样性指数、植被盖度和地上部生物量，探讨了周边土地利用方式对沟渠植被分布的影响。结果表明：（1）四川盆地中部丘陵区自然沟渠植被状况不容乐观。尽管自然沟渠内植物种类众多，调查样方内植物共有16科20种，但优势种较少，且仅以危害性大的过江草（Phyla nodiflora）和水花生（Alternanthera philoxeroides）为主，出现的频度分别为46.09%和38.26%。（2）物种多样性指数结果表明，居民区沟渠植物种类较为单一，优势种明显，群落结构较为简单。旱地沟渠植物种类较为丰富，群落结构较为复杂。水田沟渠和荒地沟渠植物分布较为均匀。（3）不同类型沟渠中植被的盖度和生物量差异显著。其中，植被盖度平均值大小顺序为水田沟渠 > 居民区沟渠 > 旱地沟渠 > 荒地沟渠，植物地上部平均生物量大小顺序表现为居民区沟渠 > 水田沟渠 > 旱地沟渠 > 荒地沟渠。

关键词: 生物多样性, 自然沟渠, 植被, 生物量, 盖度

Abstract:

Vegetation is an important component of the ditch system and plays an important role for maintaining the ecological function of ditches. In order to protect biodiversity of ditch plants in the upper Yangtze River, different kinds of natural ditches in the hilly area of the Sichuan Basin were investigated by plant sampling method. Plant species, species diversity index, vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass in the different ditches were measured, and the influence of surrounding land use on the vegetation distribution of the ditches was further discussed. Results show that:(1) About 16 families and 20 species were measured in the natural ditches in the hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin. However, there were few dominant species, such as the highly invasive species Phyla nodiflora and Alternanthera philoxeroides, whose frequencies were 46.09% and 38.26%, respectively. Thus, the distribution of ditch vegetation in the hilly area of Sichuan Basin was not favorable. (2) The species in residential area ditches were relatively single and the community structure was relatively simple according to the assessment of biodiversity, while the plant species and the community structure of ditches was relatively complex in dry cropland, paddy field, and uncultivated land ditches. (3) Vegetation coverage and biomass in different ditches were significantly different. The average vegetation coverage in different ditches is in the order of paddy field > residential area > dry cropland > uncultivated land. The average vegetation biomass in different ditches is in the order of residential area > paddy field > dry cropland > uncultivated land.

Key words: biodiversity, ditches, vegetation, biomass, coverage

中图分类号:

X82
Q948

刘莲, 赵原, Matthieu Nsenga Kumwimba, 汪涛. 四川盆地丘陵区不同类型自然沟渠植被分布特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(8): 1020-1026.

LIU Lian, ZHAO Yuan, Matthieu NSENGA KUMWIMBA, WANG Tao. Distribution Characteristics of Vegetation Among Different Ditches in the Hilly Area of Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(8): 1020-1026.

参考文献 26

[1]	MOORE M T,BENNETT E R,COOPER C M,et al.Transport and Fate of Atrazine and Lambda-Cyhalothrin in an Agricultural Drainage Ditch in the Mississippi Delta,USA[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2001,87(3):309-314.
[2]	KUMWIMBA M N,ZHU B,MUYEMBE D K.Assessing the Influence of Different Plant Species in Drainage Ditches on Mitigation of Non-Point Source Pollutants (N,P,and Sediments) in the Purple Sichuan Basin[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2017,189(6):267.
[3]	NSENGA KUMWIMBA M,DZAKPASU M,ZHU B,et al.Nutrient Removal in a Trapezoidal Vegetated Drainage Ditch Used to Treat Primary Domestic Sewage in a Small Catchment of the Upper Yangtze River[J].Water and Environment Journal,2017,31(1):72-79.
[4]	李红芳,刘锋,肖润林,等.水生植物对生态沟渠底泥磷吸附特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):157-163.[LI Hong-fang,LIU Feng,XIAO Run-lin,et al.Effects of Aquatic Plants on Phosphorus Adsorption Characteristics by Sediments in Ecological Ditches[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(1):157-163.]
[5]	姜翠玲,范晓秋,章亦兵.非点源污染物在沟渠湿地中的积累和植物吸收净化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1351-1354.[JIANG Cui-ling,FAN Xiao-qiu,ZHANG Yi-bing.Accumulation of Non-Point Source Pollutants in Ditch Wetland and Their Uptake and Purification by Plants[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(7):1351-1354.]
[6]	李思楠.区域土地利用变化对植被碳汇的生态风险影响研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2018(3):1-4.[LI Si-nan.Ecological Impact of Regional Land Use Change on Vegetation Carbon Sequestration[J].Territory & Natural Resources Study,2018(3):1-4.]
[7]	王丰川,刘加珍,陈永金.东平湖湿地不同土地利用方式草本植物特征分析[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,36(2):147-152.[WANG Feng-chuan,LIU Jia-zhen,CHEN Yong-jin.The Analysis of Herbaceous Plant Characteristics Under Different Land Utilization Regimes in Dongping Lake Wetland[J].Journal of Anhui Normal University (Natural Science),2013,36(2):147-152.]
[8]	喻丁香,杜凡,周丹,等.不同土地利用方式下盈江县野生保护植物分布研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(1):96-102.[YU Ding-xiang,DU Fan,ZHOU Dan,et al.Distribution of Wild Protected Plants in Yingjiang Under Different Land Use Patterns[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University(Natural Sciences),2018,38(1):96-102.]
[9]	卢涛,马克明,倪红伟,等.三江平原不同强度干扰下湿地植物群落多样性的物种组成和多样性变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):1893-1900.[LU Tao,MA Ke-ming,NI Hong-wei,et al.Variation in Species Composition and Diversity of Wetland Communities Under Different Disturbance Intensity in the Sanjiang Plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(5):1893-1900.]
[10]	张娟红,何彤慧,程志,等.宁夏平原沟渠边坡植物群落多样性的影响因子分析[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):845-849.[ZHANG Juan-hong,HE Tong-hui,CHENG Zhi,et al.Factors Affecting the Diversity of Plant Communities on Ditch Slope in the Ningxia Plain[J].Arid Zone Research,2013,30(5):845-849.]
[11]	朱波,汪涛,徐泰平,等.紫色丘陵区典型小流域氮素迁移及其环境效应[J].山地学报,2006,24(5):601-606.[ZHU Bo,WANG Tao,XU Tai-ping,et al.Non-Point-Source Nitrogen Movement and Its Environmental Effects in a Small Watershed in Hilly Area of Purple Soil[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2006,24(5):601-606.]
[12]	汪涛,龙虹竹,赵原,等.川中丘陵区自然沟渠水体氮磷污染状况评价[J].山地学报,2016,34(2):150-156.[WANG Tao,LONG Hong-zhu,ZHAO Yuan,et al.An Evaluation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution in a Natural Ditch in the Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin[J].Mountain Research,2016,34(2):150-156.]
[13]	SCHALLER J L,ROYER T V,DAVID M B,et al.Denitrification Associated With Plants and Sediments in an Agricultural Stream[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2004,23(4):667-676.
[14]	方精云,沈泽昊,唐志尧,等."中国山地植物物种多样性调查计划"及若干技术规范[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):5-9.[FANG Jing-yun,SHEN Ze-hao,TANG Zhi-yao,et al.The Protocol for the Survey Plan for Plant Species Diversity of China's Mountains[J].Chinese Biodiversity,2004,12(1):5-9.]
[15]	刘同海,吴新宏,董永平.基于TM影像的草原沙漠化植被盖度分析研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(2):141-144.[LIU Tong-hai,WU Xin-hong,DONG Yong-ping.Analysis on Vegetation Coverage of Grassland Desertification Based on TM Image[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2010,24(2):141-144.]
[16]	王树功,黎夏,周永章.湿地植被生物量测算方法研究进展[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(5):104-109,113.[WANG Shu-gong,LI Xia,ZHOU Yong-zhang.Progress of Method for Wetland Vegetation Biomass[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2004,20(5):104-109,113.]
[17]	王琼瑶,张楚儿,宁华,等.水花生生长抑制剂与防治技术研究[J].资源开发与市场,2015,31(11):1283-1287,1280.[WANG Qiong-yao,ZHANG Chu-er,NING Hua,et al.Research on Altemanthera philoxeroides Growth Inhibitor and the Control Technology[J].Resource Development & Market,2015,31(11):1283-1287,1280.]
[18]	常瑞英,王仁卿,张依然,等.入侵植物空心莲子草的入侵机制及综合管理[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(1):17-23.[CHANG Rui-ying,WANG Ren-qing,ZHANG Yi-ran,et al.Invasion Mechanism and Integrated Management of Invasive Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2013,29(1):17-23.]
[19]	GENG Y P,PAN X Y,XU C Y,et al.Phenotypic Plasticity Rather than Locally Adapted Ecotypes Allows the Invasive Alligator Weed to Colonize a Wide Range of Habitats[J].Biological Invasions,2007,9(3):245-256.
[20]	董艳珍.浮筏种植水花生对养殖废水的净水效果[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(26):12921-12922.[DONG Yan-zhen.Water Purification Effect of Floating Raft Cultivated Alligator alternanthera on Breeding Wastewater[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(26):12921-12922.]
[21]	夏汉平.香根草和水花生对垃圾污水中N、P、Cl的吸收效果[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(5):613-616.[XIA Han-ping.Uptake Efficiency of Vetiveria zizanioides and Althernanthera philoxeroides to N,P,CL in Garbage Leachates[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2000,24(5):613-616.]
[22]	史佳峰,朱慧杰.3种湿地植物对养猪废水的净化效果[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(24):65-66,78.[SHI Jia-feng,ZHU Hui-jie.Purification Effects of 3 Wetland Plants on Pig Wastewater[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(24):65-66,78.]
[23]	SENAY G B,ELLIOTT R L.Combining AVHRR-NDVI and Landuse Data to Describe Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Vegetation[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,128(1/2):83-91.
[24]	郗敏,孔范龙,吕宪国,等.三江平原沟渠系统水体和底泥的养分特征及效应[J].地理科学,2014,34(3):358-364.[XI Min,KONG Fan-long,LÜ Xian-guo,et al.Nutrient Variation in Water and Sediments of Ditch Wetlands and Their Effects on Environment in Sanjiang Plain,China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(3):358-364.]
[25]	罗专溪,朱波,汪涛.紫色土丘陵区农村集镇降雨径流污染特征[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(9):1823-1831.[LUO Zhuan-xi,ZHU Bo,WANG Tao,et al.Characterization of Rainfall-Runoff Pollution in a Small Rural Township in a Hilly Area With Purple Soil[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(9):1823-1831.]
[26]	覃瑞,史雪瑶,冯博艺,等.巴东金丝猴国家级自然保护区不同土地利用方式下的植物多样性[J].中南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(4):24-28,33.[QIN Rui,SHI Xue-yao,FENG Bo-yi,et al.Plant Diversity Under Different Land Use in Badong Golden Monkey National Nature Reserve[J].Journal of South Central University for Nationalities(Natural Science Edition),2016,35(4):24-28,33.]