基于2005-2015年土地利用变化和InVEST模型的内蒙古巴林右旗农牧交错带生境质量研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0237

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土地利用变化与生态效应的关联研究是全球环境变化研究领域的热点。土地利用变化下的生境质量变化研究为生态保护及土地管理政策的制定提供了重要依据。运用GIS技术和InVEST模型，基于2005-2015年遥感数据对内蒙古巴林右旗生境质量变化进行分析。结果表明:巴林右旗土地利用类型以草地、林地和耕地为主，3者面积占全旗土地总面积的85%以上。2005-2015年，湿地、建设用地和林地面积分别增加335.01、298.29和258.67 km²，增长率分别为91.80%、301.85%和12.07%，耕地、草地和未利用地面积分别减少533.98、279.28和78.71 km²，减少率分别为28.34%、5.63%和15.40%。10 a间，草地、林地、旱地和沙地转换面积较大，其中，旱地和沙地转换为重要生态用地（林地、草地、湿地）的面积为948.70和303.53 km²。巴林右旗生境质量指数表现出明显的空间分异特征，其中，2005年较低等级生境质量区域面积占比最大，而2010、2015年则均以高等级生境质量区域面积占比为最大。10 a间，高、较高和低等级生境质量区域面积均有所增加，高等级生境质量区域面积增长和较低等级生境质量区域面积减少最显著，变化率分别为39.65%和37.55%。10 a间，研究区平均生境质量指数由0.457提高到0.528，总体表现为上升趋势，表明该区域生境质量总体趋于好转，退耕还林还草工程的实施对该地区生态恢复起到了积极的促进作用。

关键词: 土地利用变化, 生境质量, 农牧交错带, 生态恢复, InVEST模型

Abstract: The ecological effects of land-use changes have emerged as a hot topic within research on global environmental changes. The findings of studies on changes in habitat quality resulting from land-use changes provide important basis for policy-making regarding ecological protection and land management. In this study, GIS technology was used in conjunction with the InVEST model to analyze remote sensing data compiled for the period 2005-2015 to assess changes in the quality of habitat in Bairin Right Banner in Inner Mongolia. The results of the analysis indicated that grassland, woodland, and farmland were the dominant types of land use in this region, accounting for more than 85% of the total land area. During the period 2005-2015, areas of wetland, construction land, and woodland increased by 335.01, 298.29, and 258.67 km², evidencing corresponding growth rates of 91.80%, 301.85%, and 12.07%, respectively. Conversely, the areas of farmland, grassland, and unused land decreased by 533.98, 279.28, and 78.71 km², with associated reduction rates of 28.34%, 5.63%, and 15.40%, respectively. In the decade, large areas of grassland, woodland, dryland, and sandy land had undergone conversion. Of these areas, 948.70 and 303.53 km² of dryland and sandy land, respectively, had been converted into land-use types of ecological importance (forestland, grassland, and wetland). The habitat quality index applied in the study show distinct spatial differentiation characteristics. Whereas areas of land of lower habitat quality were predominant in 2005, areas of land of higher habitat quality were predominant in 2010 and 2015. During this 10-year period, land areas with habitat quality of high, higher, and low grades in the index increased, with marked increases in areas with high-grade habitat quality (a change rate of 39.65%) and decreases in areas of lower-grade habitat quality (a change rate of 37.55%). The average habitat quality index increased from 0.457 to 0.528, indicating an improvement in the overall habitat quality in this region. Thus, the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland has evidently been effective, contributing to ecological recovery in this region.

Key words: land use change, habitat quality, farming-pastoral ecotone, ecological restoration, InVEST model

中图分类号:

Q148
X37

王燕, 高吉喜, 金宇, 曹秉帅, 王玥, 张小华, 周佳雯. 基于2005-2015年土地利用变化和InVEST模型的内蒙古巴林右旗农牧交错带生境质量研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(5): 654-662.

WANG Yan, GAO Ji-xi, JIN Yu, CAO Bing-shuai, WANG Yue, ZHANG Xiao-hua, ZHOU Jia-wen. Habitat Quality of Farming-pastoral Ecotone in Bairin Right Banner, Inner Mongolia Based on Land Use Change and InVEST Model From 2005 to 2015[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(5): 654-662.

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