基于一年期物候监测的珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区河谷阶地青稞地块生态利用研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0762

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在当前生态文明建设和乡村振兴战略大背景下，村域土地的生态利用显得格外重要。以珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区西部吉隆县境内Z村感兴趣区（ROI）青稞地块为研究区，通过Brinno TLC 200物候相机以人工选点、定角安放的方式记录研究区2017年8月至2018年8月的一年期土地利用变化信息，计算绿叶指数，分析研究区土地利用规律、土地利用程度、植被覆盖变化及经济效益。结果表明，2017年8月至2018年8月研究区土地利用分为5个月的耕种期和7个月的放牧期。其中，耕种活动集中在4-9月，牧牛期为9、12月和次年1月，牧羊期为12月-次年4月。研究区土地利用程度的高、中、低级别分别对应耕种期、放牧期和休耕期。全年不同时期植被覆盖变化较大，绿叶指数呈现出平缓波动-上升-下降-平缓波动的规律，与青稞地块利用时间历的耕种和放牧期变化相吻合。绿叶指数在0值附近波动时，牛、野生动物和羊出现，降水频繁；绿叶指数为正值时，劳动力投入量大。青稞地块的经济效益为98.15元·（667 m²）^-1，以粮食收益为主，劳动力投入费用较高，总体经济效益偏低。

关键词: 物候相机, 青稞地块, 土地利用规律, 绿叶指数, 珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区

Abstract: In the context of current ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization strategy, the ecological utilization in village level is particularly important. Taking the highland barley land at Z Village of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve as the research area, Brinno TLC 200 phenology camera was used to record the land use change information from August 2017 to August 2018 depending on manual point selection and fixed angle placement, extract the change information of land use, calculate the green leaf index, analyze the regular pattern, and differential degree of land use as well as the vegetation cover change and economic benefits. The findings illustrate that, the land use in the study area was divided into 5-month cultivation period and 7-month grazing period from 2017 to 2018, and presented a pattern of the sowing time of cultivated land > sheep herding period > cattle herding period in accordance with the traditional land use behavior in the region. Meanwhile, the components of farming activities and grazing activities composed the organic circulation system in the study area. The high, middle and low utilization levels of the land in the study area corresponded to the cultivation period, grazing period and fallow period respectively with cultivation period > grazing period > fallow period. In different periods of the year, the vegetation cover changed apparently, and the green leaf index (GLI) had a changing trend of smooth fluctuation-rising-falling-smooth fluctuation, which was consistent with the cultivation and grazing periods. When the GLI fluctuated around 0, cattle, sheep and wild animals presented, together with frequent rainfall. When the GLI was positive number, the labour input increased. The economic benefit of highland barley land was 98.15 yuan every 667 m², mainly from grain, with high labor input, resulted in overall low economic benefit.

Key words: phenological camera, highland barley land, utilization characteristics, green leaf index, Qomolangma National Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

S181

蔡葵, 石运杰, 拱子凌. 基于一年期物候监测的珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区河谷阶地青稞地块生态利用研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(4): 470-479.

CAI Kui, SHI Yun-jie, GONG Zi-ling. Study on Ecological Utilization of Mountain Valley Highland Barley Land in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve Based on One-Year Phenological Monitoring[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(4): 470-479.

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