松华坝流域有机蔬菜种植对土壤质量的影响评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0405

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究选择昆明市重要水源保护区松华坝流域2个典型有机蔬菜种植基地（有机基地Ⅰ包括YJ1-1、YJ1-2和YJ1-3处理，分别指从事有机种植约1、3和6 a的地块；有机基地Ⅱ只包括YJ2处理，指从事有机种植约10 a的地块）及周边常规蔬菜种植基地（CF处理）为评估对象，综合评价了有机蔬菜生产对土壤质量的影响。研究表明：在昆明市松华坝流域的气候和土地利用强度条件下，YJ1-2和YJ1-3处理土壤综合肥力等级指数均大于0.8，处于优等级，土壤总活性有机质含量分别为1.30和1.48 g·kg^-1，显著高于CF处理。YJ1-2处理碳库管理指数较CF处理显著增加38.0%，而其他处理之间无显著差异。有机种植显著提高了土壤荧光素二乙酸酯（FDA）水解酶活性，但明显抑制了土壤重金属（Cu、Cd和Ni）的生物有效性。此外，YJ1-1处理的土壤理化性质与CF处理差异不大，表明有机种植年限和有机物料的投入量也是影响土壤质量的重要因素。因此，有机生产可以作为提升农田土壤质量和降低重金属有效性的重要方式。

关键词: 有机种植, 总活性有机质, 土壤碳库管理指数, 土壤微生物活性, 土壤重金属生物有效性

Abstract: In this study, two typical organic vegetable production bases in Songhuaba watershed of Kunming city were selected for the evaluation of the effects of organic vegetable production on soil quality. Organic base I includes three treatments YJ1-1、YJ1-2 and YJ1-3, which had been engaged in organic planting for 1 year, 3 years and 6 years, respectively. Organic base Ⅱ includes one treatment of YJ2, which had been engaged in organic planting for 10 years. And one nearby conventional vegetable production base was also engaged in the study as CF treatment. The results show that the comprehensive fertility index of YJ1-2 and YJ1-3 treatments were higher than 0.8, and both belonged to the excellent level. The total active organic matter content of YJ1-2 and YJ1-3 treatments were 1.30 and 1.48 g·kg^-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the CF treatment. The carbon pool management index of YJ1-2 treatment increased by 38.0% compared with CF treatment, however, the differences of the index between other treatments were not significant. Organic planting significantly increased the soil microbial activity of YJ1-2, YJ1-3 and YJ2 treatments, while significantly inhibited the bioavailability of heavy metals (Cu、Cd and Ni). The soil properties of YJ1-1 treatment was not different from that of CF treatment, indicating that the engaging time of organic planting and the amount of input of organic materials were important factors affecting soil properties. Therefore, organic planting can be used as an effective way to improve the farmland soil quality and reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals.

Key words: organic planting, total active organic matter, carbon pool management index, microbial activity, bioavailability of soil heavy metals

中图分类号:

田伟, 吴云成, 刘明庆, 杨涛明, 陈锷, 刘宇, 席运官, 赵克强. 松华坝流域有机蔬菜种植对土壤质量的影响评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(12): 1549-1555.

WU Yun-cheng, LIU Ming-qing, YANG Tao-ming, LIU Yu, XI Yun-guan. Evaluation Effects of Organic Vegetable Planting on Soil Quality in Songhuaba Basin[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(12): 1549-1555.

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