马缨丹在镉、铅、锌复合胁迫下的耐性和解毒机制

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.1027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用盆栽试验，研究了不同含量镉、铅、锌复合污染条件下马缨丹（Lantana camara）的生物量、相对电导率、重金属含量、亚细胞分布及形态特征，以期明确马缨丹在复合胁迫下的耐性及解毒机制。结果表明：（1）随着重金属复合污染含量升高，马缨丹生物量先增加后降低，直到T6〔w（Cd）、w（Pb）和w（Zn）分别为60、800和1 000 mg·kg^-1〕处理，其生长开始明显受到抑制。（2）马缨丹根系和叶片相对电导率随复合污染含量升高而升高，T3〔w（Cd）、w（Pb）和w（Zn）分别为10、200和400 mg·kg^-1〕和T4〔w（Cd）、w（Pb）和w（Zn）分别为20、400和600 mg·kg^-1〕处理显著高于对照。（3）马缨丹各部位镉含量随污染程度加重，呈先增加后降低趋势；铅、锌含量则随污染程度加重而不断上升。复合胁迫下，马缨丹根系镉、锌含量均高于地上部，铅含量低于地上部。（4）马缨丹体内镉、铅主要分布于可溶性组分（45.2%~62.5%和44.2%~66.7%），其次为细胞壁（29.7%~44.0%和25.2%~44.1%），可溶性组分（39.2%~52.4%）和细胞壁（39.8%~50.4%）中锌含量则相差不大，3种重金属在细胞器中均分布较少（7.1%~12.2%、6.0%~13.1%和4.8%~11.6%）。（5）3种重金属在马缨丹各器官中均主要以氯化钠提取态和醋酸提取态等毒性较低的形式存在，其分别占总量的50.7%~73.2%、47.9%~58.9%和46.7%~63.2%，而毒性较高的乙醇提取态和去离子水提取态占比较少，分别仅占总量的14.2%~20.8%、14.6%~28.4%和19.6%~32.2%。可见，马缨丹在镉、铅、锌复合胁迫下具有较高的耐性，其主要耐性机制为根系对重金属的固持、细胞壁和可溶性组分的区隔化作用以及改变重金属化学形态，使其主要以低毒形态存在。

关键词: 马缨丹, 重金属, 复合污染, 亚细胞分布, 形态特征

Abstract: Lantana camara is considered to have high tolerance to the Cd, Pb and Zn co-contaminated soil because it can grow normally in Pb-Zn mining area. However, its tolerance and detoxification mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biomass, relative electrical conductivity, heavy metal content, subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd, Pb and Zn in L. camara. The results reveal that:(1) With the increase in the concentrations of heavy metals compound pollution, the biomass of L. camara first increased and then decreased. And it was not until T6[w(Cd) as 60 mg·kg^-1, w(Pb) as 800 mg·kg^-1, w(Zn) as 1 000 mg·kg^-1] treatment that its growth was significantly inhibited; (2) The relative electrical conductivity in roots and leaves of L. camara gradually increased with the rising concentrations of heavy metals, and were significantly higher than that in the control in T3[w(Cd) as 10 mg·kg^-1, w(Pb) as 200 mg·kg^-1, w(Zn) as 400 mg·kg^-1] and T4[w(Cd) as 20 mg·kg^-1, w(Pb) as 400 mg·kg^-1, w(Zn) as 600 mg·kg^-1] treatments, respectively; (3) The Cd concentrations in various parts of L. camara showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of pollution; the Pb and Zn concentrations continued to rise. The content of Cd and Zn in roots of L. camara was higher than that in shoots, and the content of Pb was contrast; (4) Cd and Pb were mainly distributed in the soluble fraction (45.2%-62.5% and 44.2%-66.7%, respectively), followed by the cell wall (29.7%-44.0% and 25.2%-44.1%, respectively), while the concentration of Zn in the soluble fraction (39.2%-52.4%) was similar to that in the cell wall (39.8%-50.4%). A minor part of Cd, Pb and Zn (7.1%-12.2%, 6.0%-13.1% and 4.8%-11.6%, respectively) accumulated in the organelles; (5) Most of Cd, Pb and Zn in the plant organ were mainly in the forms of NaCl and HAc extractable, accounting for 50.7%-73.2%, 47.9%-58.9% and 46.7%-63.2% of total Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively, while the 80% ethanol extractable and deionized water extractable forms accounted for 14.2%-20.8%, 14.6%-28.4% and 19.6%-32.2%, respectively. These results show that L. camara has high tolerance to the Cd, Pb and Zn co-contaminated soil, and the retention of Cd and Zn in the roots, the store of a large amount of heavy metal in cell wall and soluble fraction, and the formation of less toxic chemical forms are important detoxification mechanisms in L. camara.

Key words: Lantana camara, heavy metal, combined pollution, subcellular distribution, chemical form

中图分类号:

谢倚慧, 张明华, 熊瑞, 李婷, 蒲玉琳, 徐小逊, 李云, 张世熔, 贾永霞. 马缨丹在镉、铅、锌复合胁迫下的耐性和解毒机制[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(9): 1209-1217.

XIE Yi-hui, ZHANG Ming-hua, XIONG Rui, LI Ting, PU Yu-lin, XU Xiao-xun, LI Yun, ZHANG Shi-rong, JIA Yong-xia. Study on the Tolerance and Detoxification Mechanisms of Lantana camara under the Combined Stress of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(9): 1209-1217.

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