生物转盘+表面流人工湿地对北亚热带秋冬季节受污染河水强化处理效果研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0679

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 受污染河水传统修复工艺在秋冬季节存在运行效果不佳、容易返黑返臭等问题。通过耦合生物转盘(RBCs)+表面流人工湿地(FWSCWs)技术，构建生物-生态组合工艺，探究其在秋冬季节对受污染河水的处理效果，并解析微生物种群特征，揭示微生物群落结构与污染物强化处理效能之间的关系。结果表明，组合工艺对氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和化学需氧量(COD)的去除率分别为83.83%、3.32%、11.09%和20.52%，出水NH₄⁺-N浓度和COD分别达到GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类和Ⅴ类标准。组合工艺中优势菌属包括硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)、亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)、红杆菌属(Rhodobacter)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillius)、β-变形菌纲脱氯菌属(Dechloromonas)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)等。其中，亚硝化单胞菌属和硝化螺旋菌属在RBCs中相对丰度分别为2.69%和22.16%，能保证RBCs中亚硝化和硝化反应的正常进行。在反硝化功能菌属中，β-变形菌纲脱氯菌属和丛毛单胞菌属在FWSCWs中相对丰度分别为0.73%和0.48%，均显著高于RBCs中的0.04%和0.21%，表明秋冬季节组合工艺反硝化反应主要在FWSCWs中进行。

关键词: 人工湿地, 生物转盘, 受污染河水, 微生物群落, 秋冬季节

Abstract: Several problems such as poor treatment performance and easy to return to black and odor in autumn and winter are existing in the traditional technologies for the purification of urban polluted river water. By coupling rotating biological contactors (RBCs) and surface flow constructed wetlands (FWSCWs) technology, a bio-ecological combined process was constructed to explore the treatment effects on polluted river water in autumn and winter. The characteristics of microbial population are analyzed, and reveal the relationship between microbial community structure and pollutant enhanced treatment efficiency are revealed. The results show that the removal rates of ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 83.83%, 3.32%, 11.09% and 20.52%, respectively. The effluent concentrations of NH₄⁺-N and COD met with the Ⅲ class and Ⅴ class of the national Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002), respectively. Nitrospira, Nitrosomonas, Rhodobacter, Lactobacillus, Bacillius, Dechloromonas, Sphingomonas, Comamonas and Acinetobacter were dominant bacteria in the combined process. The abundance of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira in RBCs was 2.69% and 22.16%, respectively, which ensured the normal nitrosation and nitrification processes in RBCs. The Dechloromonas and Comamonas, as the main denitrifying functional bacteria genus, accounted for 0.73% and 0.48% in FWSCWs, respectively, significantly higher than 0.04% and 0.21% in RBCs, which indicates that denitrification was mainly carried out in FWSCWs in autumn and winter.

Key words: constructed wetland, rotating biological contactor, polluted river water, microbial community, autumn and winter

中图分类号:

X522

刘茂林, 肖盛柏, 邓筱悦, 梁银坤, 陈玉成, 黄磊. 生物转盘+表面流人工湿地对北亚热带秋冬季节受污染河水强化处理效果研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(9): 1174-1180.

LIU Mao-lin, XIAO Sheng-bai, DENG Xiao-yue, LIANG Yin-kun, CHEN Yu-cheng, HUANG Lei. Enhanced Treatment of Polluted River Water by Rotating Biological Contactor Combined with Surface Flow Constructed Wetland at North Subtropical in Autumn and Winter[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(9): 1174-1180.

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