关键词: 景观生态安全, 生态安全格局, 形态学空间格局分析, 最小累积阻力模型, 昆明

Abstract: The rapid urbanization of Kunming has an adverse impact on the fragile ecological environment in plateau mountainous area, so it is necessary to build an ecological security pattern based on the results of ecological security. Based on the evaluation of landscape ecological security, the ecological security pattern is constructed by comprehensive ecological protection and construction expansion. Firstly, the evaluation index system of landscape ecological security was constructed from the perspective of "disturbance-effect", and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of landscape ecological security in Kunming from 1990 to 2018 were analyzed. Secondly, based on the evaluation results, MSPA and landscape connectivity evaluation were used to identify the source of ecological protection, and a large area of construction land patches were selected as the source of construction expansion. Finally, based on the resistance factor evaluation index system, MCR was used to build a comprehensive resistance surface, with the help of ArcGIS spatial analysis to extract ecological corridors and ecological nodes, and then an ecological security pattern was build. The results show that: (1) From 1990 to 2018, the landscape ecological security evaluation value of Kunming decreased from 1 749.37 to 1 727.98, which was higher in the northern mountain valley area, while for the southeast Karst hilly area and the central plateau lake basin region, it was higher around the edge and lower in the center. The landscape ecological security value was rising outward from each district (county or city) of Kunming as the center, forming a "center-periphery" structure. The change of Dianchi Lake basin is the most drastic, and the low value area is encircling Dianchi Lake from east to west, and the expansion path is basically consistent with the urban expansion. (2) The identified sources of ecological protection and construction and expansion accounted for 30.11% and 4.06% of the urban area respectively; 18 important ecological corridors and 37 general ecological corridors have been constructed, and a total of 97 ecological nodes; obtained; ecological conservation areas, ecological expansion areas, optimized buffer zones and ecological protection areas have been established. The study puts forward ecological management and control suggestions for each ecological security zone, in order to maintain regional ecological security of Kunming and promote regional sustainable development.

Key words: landscape ecological security, ecological security pattern, MSPA, MCR model, Kunming