生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 107-114.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0268

• 污染控制与修复 • 上一篇    下一篇

拉萨河水体砷和镉的分布特征与健康风险评价

秦欢欢1,2, 黄丽想2, 陈益平1, 高柏2, 孙占学1,2   

  1. 1. 东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330013;
    2. 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 江西 南昌 330013
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-29 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 秦欢欢,E-mail: qhhasn@126.com E-mail:qhhasn@126.com
  • 作者简介:秦欢欢(1986-),男,江西南昌人,副教授,博士,研究方向为水环境污染与防治。E-mail:qhhasn@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    江西省科技计划项目(赣科发计字[2017]63号)

Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Cadmium in Water of Lhasa River Basin

QIN Huan-huan1,2, HUANG Li-xiang2, CHEN Yi-ping1, GAO Bai2, SUN Zhan-xue1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China;
    2. School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
  • Received:2022-03-29 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-01-14

摘要: 为了解拉萨河流域水体中化学致癌物As和Cd的空间分布特征和健康风险水平,对拉萨河中下游和堆龙曲支流16个采样点进行水样采集,测量As和Cd浓度,并采用健康风险评价模型对As和Cd经饮水途径引起的致癌风险进行评价。结果表明,拉萨河水体As和Cd平均质量浓度分别为(2.280±0.969)和(0.092±0.017) μg·L-1,未超过GB 5749-2022《生活饮用水卫生标准》规定限值,达到GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》中I类和Ⅱ类水质标准。拉萨河中下游和堆龙曲支流水体As浓度均呈沿程增长趋势;而Cd浓度在中下游水体呈沿程下降,在堆龙曲支流呈沿程增长趋势。在地理分布上,As浓度随纬度增加而下降,随经度增加而上升;Cd浓度随纬度增加而上升,随经度增加而下降。健康风险评价结果表明,与Cd相比,As为拉萨河流域水体起主导作用的化学致癌物,贡献了超过98%的致癌风险。拉萨河流域水体As和Cd经饮水途径导致的致癌风险总体处于可接受的安全水平。相比于少年和成年,幼儿为更敏感的健康风险受体,受到As和Cd的危害相对更大,需要在幼儿饮水安全方面给予更多关注。

关键词: 健康风险评价, 砷, 镉, 化学致癌物, 拉萨河流域

Abstract: In order to understand the spatial distribution and health risks of carcinogenic chemicals, As and Cd, in the water bodies of the Lhasa River Basin, water samples were collected from 16 sampling points in the middle and lower reaches of the Lhasa River as well as the Duilongqu tributary. The concentrations of As and Cd in the water samples were tested, and the carcinogenic risks caused by As and Cd through drinking water ingestion were evaluated by a health risk assessment model. The results show that the average concentrations of As and Cd in the river water of the Lhasa River Basin were (2.280±0.969) and (0.092±0.017) μg·L-1, respectively, which meet the Drinking Water Standards in China (GB 5749-2022). These concentrations also qualify as Class I and Class Ⅱ in the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water in China (GB 3838-2002). The As concentration increased and the Cd concentration decreased along the river in the middle and lower reaches of the Lhasa River, and the concentration of Cd increased along the Duilongqu tributary. Regarding geographical distribution, the As concentration decreased with the increase of latitude and increased with the increase of longitude; the Cd concentration increased with the increase of latitude and decreased with the increase of longitude. The results of health risk assessment show that As was the leading carcinogen in the water bodies of the Lhasa River Basin, contributing to more than 98% of the carcinogenic risk. The overall carcinogenic risk of As and Cd in the Lhasa River Basin is generally at low level through drinking water ingestion. The results also show that young children are more vulnerable to As and Cd contamination comparing to adolescents and adults. Therefore, more attention needs to be given to children's drinking water safety.

Key words: health risk assessment, arsenic, cadmium, chemical carcinogens, Lhasa River Basin

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