秸秆促腐菌剂对稻麦轮作土壤养分变化特征的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0467

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 386-393.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0467

秸秆促腐菌剂对稻麦轮作土壤养分变化特征的影响

樊海丹^1,2, 吕卫光^1,3,4, 褚向乾², 白娜玲^1,3, 郑宪清^1,3, 李双喜^1,3, 张娟琴^1,3, 张海韵^1,3, 张月^1,3, 王全华², 张翰林^1,3,4

1. 上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403;
2. 上海师范大学生命科学学院, 上海 201418;
3. 国家农业科学农业环境奉贤观测实验站, 上海 201403;
4. 上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室, 上海 201403

收稿日期:2022-05-13 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-03-21
通讯作者: 张翰林, E-mail: zhanghanlinchick@163.com E-mail:zhanghanlinchick@163.com
作者简介:樊海丹(2000-),女,湖北郧西人,主要研究方向为农田生态环境保护。E-mail: cinnamorollfan@163.com
基金资助:
上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00796);上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划(沪农科卓〔2022〕008)

Effects of Straw-decomposition Inoculants on Soil Nutrient Variation Characteristics in Rice-wheat Rotation

FAN Hai-dan^1,2, LÜ Wei-guang^1,3,4, CHU Xiang-qian², BAI Na-ling^1,3, ZHENG Xian-qing^1,3, LI Shuang-xi^1,3, ZHANG Juan-qin^1,3, ZHANG Hai-yun^1,3, ZHANG Yue^1,3, WANG Quan-hua², ZHANG Han-lin^1,3,4

1. Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
2. College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China;
3. Fengxian Observation and Experimental Station of National Agricultural Environment, Shanghai 201403, China;
4. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201403, China

Received:2022-05-13 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-03-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用大田小区的试验方式,通过分析常规施肥+秸秆还田(CK)和常规施肥+秸秆还田+秸秆促腐菌剂(IT)两个处理土壤团聚体、理化性质和酶活性以及phoD微生物群落结构和多样性,研究稻麦轮作秸秆还田条件下秸秆促腐菌剂配施对土壤养分变化特征及解磷菌微生物多样性的影响。结果表明,促腐菌剂处理秸秆腐解率显著提升42.1%,土壤团聚体水稳定性显著增加,土壤平均重量直径(MWD)显著提升46.7%,大团聚体数量(R_0.25)和几何平均直径(GMD)分别增加62.5%和22.2%,但无显著差异。促腐菌处理土壤有机质、速效氮和速效磷含量以及土壤碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高11.8%、59.8%、62.6%和33.8%,但土壤pH、EC以及腐殖酸、全量氮磷钾和速效钾含量等无显著差异。促腐菌处理小麦产量增加不显著,而籽粒全磷含量较CK显著提升28.1%。基于phoD基因的微生物群落对比分析,IT处理显著增加了phoD微生物群落物种数量,同时显著改变phoD微生物群落结构,但两个处理phoD微生物群落多样性指数无显著差异。冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,phoD微生物群落结构与pH、速效氮和MWD均呈显著相关。添加秸秆促腐菌剂有助于改善土壤结构,增加土壤有效磷含量和优化土壤phoD微生物群落结构,从而有效改善农田土壤磷养分的供应效率。

关键词: 秸秆促腐菌剂, 腐解率, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性, phoD微生物群落

Abstract: Based on a field plot experiment, the effects of straw-decomposition inoculants addition with straw returning on soil nutrient change characteristics and microbial diversity of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in of a rice-wheat rotation system were studied, through the investigations of soil aggregates water stability, physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, phoD microbial community structure and diversity. Two treatments were set up in this experiment: conventional fertilization + straw returning (CK) and conventional fertilization + straw returning + straw-decomposition inoculants (IT). The composition of the straw-decomposition inoculants was mainly Bacillus subtills and Trichoderma harzianum, and the number of effective viable microorganism was higher than 200 million·g^-1. The results show that, under IT, the straw decomposition rate was significantly higher than that of CK by 42.1%. The water stability of soil aggregates was significantly increased, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil was significantly increased by 46.7%. The number of large aggregates R_0.25 and geometric mean diameter (GMD) were increased by 62.5% and 22.2%, respectively, but there was no significant difference between CK and IT. The contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and the activity of soil alkaline phosphorus were raised under IT by 11.8%, 59.8%, 62.6% and 33.8%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in pH, EC, humic acid, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium between the two treatments. The yield of wheat was not significantly increased under IT, but the total phosphorus content of grain under IT was significantly higher than that of CK by 28.1%. Based on the comparative analysis of phoD microbial community, IT significantly increased the number of phoD community species and altered the phoD community structure significantly, but there were no significant differences in the phoD community diversity indexes between the two treatments. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrate that phoD community structure was significantly correlated with soil pH, available nitrogen (AN) and MWD. In conclusion, the addition of straw-decomposition inoculants is conducive to improve the soil structure, increase soil available phosphorus content and optimize the soil phoD microbial community structure, so that, effectively improve the soil phosphorus supply efficiency in the rice-wheat rotation system.

Key words: straw-decomposition inoculant, decomposition rate, soil nutrient, soil enzyme activity, phoD community

中图分类号:

樊海丹, 吕卫光, 褚向乾, 白娜玲, 郑宪清, 李双喜, 张娟琴, 张海韵, 张月, 王全华, 张翰林. 秸秆促腐菌剂对稻麦轮作土壤养分变化特征的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(3): 386-393.

FAN Hai-dan, LÜ Wei-guang, CHU Xiang-qian, BAI Na-ling, ZHENG Xian-qing, LI Shuang-xi, ZHANG Juan-qin, ZHANG Hai-yun, ZHANG Yue, WANG Quan-hua, ZHANG Han-lin. Effects of Straw-decomposition Inoculants on Soil Nutrient Variation Characteristics in Rice-wheat Rotation[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(3): 386-393.

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秸秆促腐菌剂对稻麦轮作土壤养分变化特征的影响

Effects of Straw-decomposition Inoculants on Soil Nutrient Variation Characteristics in Rice-wheat Rotation

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