不同温湿度条件下微塑料对小麦幼苗生长和生理的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1122

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 微塑料污染作为全球性环境问题,仍有诸多具有挑战性的前沿科学问题有待解决。植物对微塑料的吸收和响应方面研究已有诸多报道,但关于影响植物吸收微塑料的环境因素研究仍非常有限。基于室内水培条件,研究了不同温湿度条件(高温低湿,30 ℃、相对湿度55%;低温高湿,10 ℃、相对湿度85%)下,小麦幼苗(Triticum aestivum)对亚微米级(0.2 μm)聚苯乙烯(polystyrene, PS)微球吸收的量化特征。进一步基于形态学指标、光合作用指标和生化指标,分析小麦吸收微球后生长与生理状态的变化。结果表明,随着PS微球暴露浓度的增加,其在小麦体内的积累量成比例地显著增加。在高温低湿环境中,PS微球会抑制小麦根系生长和小麦茎叶中的过氧化氢酶活性,高浓度(200 mg·L^-1)PS微球可显著降低叶绿素b含量,并显著增加小麦茎叶中超氧化物歧化酶活性和小麦根中丙二醛含量;而在低温高湿环境中,高浓度PS微球可显著增加小麦茎叶丙二醛含量,但对小麦光合作用和抗氧化酶活性无显著影响。综上,研究结果证实小麦对微塑料的吸收及微塑料的植物毒性效应与小麦生长环境和PS微球暴露浓度密切相关。研究结果可为高等植物对微塑料吸收及传递的量化分析提供技术支撑,也可为微塑料对陆地生态系统的影响评估提供科学依据。

关键词: 微塑料, 小麦, 温湿度环境, 定量分析, 光合作用, 氧化损伤

Abstract: Microplastic pollution, as a global environmental problem, still shows huge challenges in frontier scientific issues. Currently, the research is increasing on the uptake of microplastics by plants, as well as response of plants to microplastics. However, research on environmental factors affecting the uptake of microplastics by plants is still limited. Based on the hydroponic experiment in laboratory, the quantitative uptake of polystyrene (PS) microplastics (0.2 μm) by wheat seedling (Triticum aestivum) was investigated under different temperature and humidity conditions (high transpiration environment: 30 ℃, 55% RH; low transpiration environment: 10 ℃, 85% RH). Furthermore, the changes in wheat growth and the physiological state were also analyzed, including indicators of morphology, photosynthesis and biochemistry. The results show that the accumulation amount of microplastics in wheat increased significantly with the increase of exposure concentration. Besides, the uptake amount of microplastics by wheat roots was 1.5 times higher in high transpiration environment than those in low transpiration environment. Under high transpiration environment, PS microplastics inhibited growth of wheat root and the activity of peroxidase in wheat shoot. Under the condition of high concentration with 200 mg·L^-1 of PS microplastics, it showed a significant decrease in the content of chlorophyll b but significant increase in the content of malondialdehyde in wheat roots and activity of superoxide dismutase in wheat shoots. Under low transpiration environment, a high concentration (200 mg·L^-1) of PS microplastics caused the content of malondialdehyde significantly increased in wheat shoots. But there were no obvious changes in photosynthesis and the activity of antioxidize in wheat. In conclusion, this study provides powerful evidences that the uptake of microplastics and the corresponding phytotoxic effects on wheat seedling are closely related to the environmental temperature and humidity, as well as the exposure concentration of PS microplastics. The results of this study can provide technical support for the quantitative analysis of uptake and transfer of microplastics by higher plants, and further provide scientific basis for the risk assessment of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems.

Key words: microplastics, wheat, temperature and humidity, quantitative analysis, photosynthesis, oxidative damage

中图分类号:

X173

李瑞杰, 涂晨, 杨杰, 冯裕栋, 范桥辉, 骆永明. 不同温湿度条件下微塑料对小麦幼苗生长和生理的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(5): 608-616.

LI Rui-jie, TU Chen, YANG Jie, FENG Yu-dong, FAN Qiao-hui, LUO Yong-ming. Effects of Microplastics on Growth and Physiology of Wheat under Different Temperature and Humidity Conditions[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(5): 608-616.

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