不同类别粪便堆肥中微塑料赋存特征及区域差异

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1145

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤中微塑料污染问题越来越受到公众关注。施用畜禽粪便堆肥被认为是土壤中微塑料积累的重要途径。但是,对粪便堆肥中微塑料污染程度的了解仍然处于起步阶段。该研究调查了来自中国4个省份的商品化鸡粪、牛粪、羊粪和猪粪堆肥中微塑料的赋存特征。通过筛分和Fenton试剂消解提取粪便堆肥中的微塑料,进一步分析其颜色、粒径、形状、聚合物种类和丰度。结果表明:粪便堆肥中透明、黑色、红色和蓝色微塑料含量较高;粪便堆肥中微塑料形状为纤维、碎片、薄膜和颗粒,以纤维为主;在粒径上以<1 mm的微塑料为主(27.6%~69.5%),粪便堆肥中微塑料的聚合物种类以聚酯(PES)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚乙烯(PE)为主(87.8%~97.0%);微塑料丰度为(2 054.8±493.9)~(9 131.0±600.7)个·kg^-1。该研究证实了粪便堆肥是农用地土壤微塑料的重要来源,其对中国农田土壤微塑料的年贡献量可高达1.1×10¹⁴个。研究结果为揭示粪便堆肥中微塑料污染特征和区域分布差异以及农田土壤中微塑料的溯源提供了基础数据和科学依据。

关键词: 微塑料, 粪便堆肥, 赋存特征, 丰度

Abstract: Microplastic pollution in the soil has become a growing public concern globally. The application of livestock and poultry manure compost is considered to be an important pathway for the accumulation of microplastics in soils. However, the understanding of microplastic pollution in fecal compost is still limited. In this study, the distribution characteristics of microplastics in composts of commercial chicken, cow, goat, and pig manure in four provinces of China were investigated. Microplastics in manure composts were extracted by sieving and digestion with Fenton's reagent, and their color, size, shape, type, and abundance were further analyzed. The results show that transparent, black, red, and blue are the dominant colors of microplastics in manure composts. The shapes of microplastics in manure composts include fibers, fragments, films and granules, with fibers being the highest. The dominant size of microplastics in manure composts is <1 mm, which accounted for 27.6% to 69.5%; and the dominant polymer types of microplastics in manure composts are polyester (PES), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE), which accounted for 87.8% to 97.0%. The abundance of microplastics in manure composts ranges from (2 054.8 ± 493.9) to (9 131.0 ± 600.7) items·kg^-1. The results of this study confirmed that manure compost is an important source of microplastics in agricultural soil, and the contribution of manure compost application to the abundance of microplastics in agricultural soil of China is estimated to be 1.1 × 10¹⁴ items per year. The above results provide basic data and scientific basis for revealing the pollution characteristics and regional differences of microplastics in manure composts, and the source identification of microplastics in agricultural soils.

Key words: microplastics, manure compost, occurrence characteristics, abundance

中图分类号:

X713

杨杰, 涂晨, 李瑞杰, 冯裕栋, 李连祯, 骆永明. 不同类别粪便堆肥中微塑料赋存特征及区域差异[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(5): 576-583.

YANG Jie, TU Chen, LI Rui-jie, FENG Yu-dong, LI Lian-zhen, LUO Yong-ming. Occurrence Characteristics and Regional Differences of Microplastics in Different Types of Manure Composts[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(5): 576-583.

参考文献

[1] ZHANG J J,WANG X X,XUE W T,et al.Microplastics Pollution in Soil Increases Dramatically with Long-term Application of Organic Composts in a Wheat-maize Rotation[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2022,356:131889.
[2] 杨杰,李连祯,周倩,等.土壤环境中微塑料污染:来源、过程及风险[J].土壤学报,2021,58(2):281-298.[YANG Jie,LI Lian-zhen,ZHOU Qian,et al.Microplastics Contamination of Soil Environment:Sources,Processes and Risks[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(2):281-298.]
[3] 骆永明,周倩,章海波,等.重视土壤中微塑料污染研究防范生态与食物链风险[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(10):1021-1030.[LUO Yong-ming,ZHOU Qian,ZHANG Hai-bo,et al.Pay Attention to Research on Microplastic Pollution in Soil for Prevention of Ecological and Food Chain Risks[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018,33(10):1021-1030.]
[4] 焦敏娜,任秀娜,何熠锋,等.畜禽粪污清洁堆肥:机遇与挑战[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(11):2361-2371,2589.[JIAO Min-na,REN Xiu-na,HE Yi-feng,et al.Opportunities and Challenges in a Livestock Manure Cleaner Composting Process[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2021,40(11):2361-2371,2589.]
[5] LWANGA E H,MENDOZA VEGA J,KU QUEJ V,et al.Field Evidence for Transfer of Plastic Debris along a [JP2]Terrestrial Food Chain[J/OL].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):14071.http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-[JP]017-14588-2.
[6] YANG J,LI R J,ZHOU Q,et al.Abundance and Morphology of Microplastics in an Agricultural Soil Following Long-term Repeated Application of Pig Manure[J].Environmental Pollution,2021,272:116028.
[7] BERIOT N,PEEK J,ZORNOZA R,et al.Low Density-microplastics Detected in Sheep Faeces and Soil:A Case Study from the Intensive Vegetable Farming in Southeast Spain[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,755(Pt 1):142653.
[8] SCHWABL P,KÖPPEL S,KÖNIGSHOFER P,et al.Detection of Various Microplastics in Human Stool:A Prospective Case Series[J].Annals of Internal Medicine,2019,171(7):453-457.
[9] AS4454.Australian Standard Composts,Soil Conditioners and Mulches[S].[s. l.]:SAI Global Ltd.under Licence from Standards Australia,2012:80.
[10] WEITHMANN N,MÖLLER J N,LÖDER M G J,et al.Organic Fertilizer as a Vehicle for the Entry of Microplastic into the Environment[J].Science Advances,2018,4(4):eaap8060.
[11] BRAUN M,MAIL M,HEYSE R,et al.Plastic in Compost:Prevalence and Potential Input into Agricultural and Horticultural Soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,760:143335.
[12] BLÄSING M,AMELUNG W.Plastics in Soil:Analytical Methods and Possible Sources[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,612:422-435.
[13] ZHANG S W,LI Y X,CHEN X C,et al.Occurrence and Distribution of Microplastics in Organic Fertilizers in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,844:157061.
[14] ZHAO X L,WANG J Y,YEE LEUNG K M,et al.Color:An Important but Overlooked Factor for Plastic Photoaging and Microplastic Formation[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2022,56(13):9161-9163.
[15] RAMACHANDRAIAH K,AMEER K,JIANG G H,et al.Micro- and Nanoplastic Contamination in Livestock Production:Entry Pathways,Potential Effects and Analytical Challenges[J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,844:157234.
[16] ZHU X,HUANG W,FANG M Z,et al.Airborne Microplastic Concentrations in Five Megacities of Northern and Southeast China[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2021,55(19):12871-12881.
[17] LWANGA E H,GERTSEN H,GOOREN H,et al.Microplastics in the Terrestrial Ecosystem:Implications for Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta,Lumbricidae)[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2016,50(5):2685-2691.
[18] ZHANG X T,CHEN Y X,LI X Y,et al.Size/Shape-dependent Migration of Microplastics in Agricultural Soil under Simulative and Natural Rainfall[J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,815:152507.
[19] CHEN Y L,LIU X N,LENG Y F,et al.Defense Responses in Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Exposed to Low-density Polyethylene Microplastics in Soils[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2020,187:109788.
[20] WU R T,CAI Y F,CHEN Y X,et al.Occurrence of Microplastic in Livestock and Poultry Manure in South China[J].Environmental Pollution,2021,277:116790.
[21] TAN M Y,SUN Y Z,GUI J X,et al.Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in Typical Organic Solid Wastes and Their Biologically Treated Products[J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,852:158440.
[22] MISHRA S,RATH C C,DAS A P.Marine Microfiber Pollution:A Review on Present Status and Future Challenges[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2019,140:188-197.
[23] CAI L Q,WANG J D,PENG J P,et al.Characteristic of Microplastics in the Atmospheric Fallout from Dongguan City,China:Preliminary Research and First Evidence[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(32):24928-24935.
[24] DRIS R,GASPERI J,MIRANDE C,et al.A First Overview of Textile Fibers,Including Microplastics,in Indoor and Outdoor Environments[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,221:453-458.
[25] PÉREZ-GUEVARA F,KUTRALAM-MUNIASAMY G,SHRUTI V C.Critical Review on Microplastics in Fecal Matter:Research Progress,Analytical Methods and Future Outlook[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,778:146395.
[26] 华正罡,李良,那军,等.污泥堆放场地附近饲养生猪肠组织微塑料污染状况调查[J].中国公共卫生,2021,37(3):455-460.[HUA Zheng-gang,LI Liang,NA Jun,et al.Microplastics Detected in Intestinal Tissue of a Pig Raised near a Sludge Dump Site:A Pilot Study[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2021,37(3):455-460.]
[27] XU G R,YANG L,XU L,et al.Soil Microplastic Pollution under Different Land Uses in Tropics,Southwestern China[J].Chemosphere,2022,289:133176.
[28] TORRES-AGULLO A,KARANASIOU A,MORENO T,et al.Airborne Microplastic Particle Concentrations and Characterization in Indoor Urban Microenvironments[J].Environmental Pollution,2022,308:119707.
[29] PHUONG N N,POIRIER L,LAGARDE F,et al.Microplastic Abundance and Characteristics in French Atlantic Coastal Sediments Using a New Extraction Method[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,243:228-237.
[30] VIANELLO A,JENSEN R L,LIU L,et al.Simulating Human Exposure to Indoor Airborne Microplastics Using a Breathing Thermal Manikin[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9:8670.DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-45054-w.
[31] WRIGHT S L,ULKE J,FONT A,et al.Atmospheric Microplastic Deposition in an Urban Environment and an Evaluation of Transport[J].Environment International,2020,136:105411.
[32] CHEN Y X,LI X Y,ZHANG X T,et al.Air Conditioner Filters Become Sinks and Sources of Indoor Microplastics Fibers[J].Environmental Pollution,2022,292:118465.
[33] DING J F,SUN C J,HE C F,et al.Atmospheric Microplastics in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean:Distribution,Source,and Deposition[J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,829:154337.
[34] SKVOR Plastics Europe.Plastics:The Facts 2018.An Analysis of European Plastics Production,Demand and Waste Data[R].Bruessels,Belgium:Plastics Europe AISBL,2018.
[36] 李瑞静,赵亚菲,耿佳慧,等.农田土壤微塑料污染及其对植物的影响研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2021,37(6):681-688.[LI Rui-jing,ZHAO Ya-fei,GENG Jia-hui,et al.Research Progress of Microplastics Pollution and Its Effect on Plant Ecosystem in Farmland[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2021,37(6):681-688.]
[37] 刘天旭,陈昭辉,刘继军.畜禽养殖粪污处理研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2022(17):26-30.[LIU Tian-xu,CHEN Zhao-hui,LIU Ji-jun.Research Progress of Manure Treatment in Livestock and Poultry Breeding[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2022(17):26-30.]
[38] 查湘义.畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用分析[J].乡村科技,2018(2):110-111.
[39] 费辉盈,常志州,王世梅,等.畜禽粪便水分特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(增刊2):599-603.[FEI Hui-ying,CHANG Zhi-zhou,WANG Shi-mei,et al.Characterization of Moisture in Three Livestock Manures[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2006,25(Suppl. 2):599-603.]