两级缺氧-好氧生化装置微曝/重启运行效果及微生物菌群变化特征研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1246

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 村镇休闲旅游污水具有排放不连续、排放量随时间变化波动大的特点，对分散式污水处理设备的管理运行提出了挑战。该文设计了两级缺氧-好氧生物反应器（AO-MBR）小试装置，以配制的模拟污水作为进水，探究短暂停运对于该装置污水处理效果和恢复过程的影响。结果表明，停运显著影响生化处理效率，且生化处理效率下降程度与系统恢复时间和装置停运时间之间具有明显的相关性。随着停运时间由1 d延长至8 d，COD去除率由90%最低下降至80%，恢复时间最长达到5 d；氨氮去除率由90%最低下降至70%左右，恢复时间最长达到5 d；总氮去除率由48%最低下降至34%，恢复时间最长达到5 d。从污泥活性角度来看，随着停运时间的延长，比耗氧速率（SOUR）、脱氢酶活性和比三磷酸腺苷（SATP）等污泥活性指标都相应有所下降。微生物测序结果表明，停运前后微生物种群发生较大变化，从门的分类来看，停运后变形菌门异养菌占比大幅下降，拟杆菌门等厌氧菌占比上升；从属的分类来看，传统硝化细菌数量减少，但一些具有同步硝化反硝化功能的细菌数量有上升趋势。对于因来水减少而暂时停运的村镇休闲旅游污水设施，可以采用降低曝气量的方式维持污泥活性，以便后续快速启动。

关键词: 分散污水处理, 停运/重启, 两级缺氧-好氧装置, 污泥活性, 微生物菌群

Abstract: Rural leisure tourism sewage has the characteristics of discontinuous discharge and large fluctuation with time, which poses a great challenge to the management and operation of decentralized sewage treatment equipment. In this study, a two-stage AO-MBR setup is designed, which uses simulated sewage as the inlet water. Through the operation mode of shutdown/restart in different time periods, the impact of shutdown on the biochemical performance and recovery of the treatment process was explored. The results show that the shutdown operation had a significant impact on the biochemical treatment efficiency of the experimental setup, and the decline degree of biochemical treatment efficiency and the recovery time had a significant correlation with the shutdown time of the setup. As the shutdown time was extended from 1 d to 8 d, the COD removal efficiency could be decreased from 90% to 80%, and the longest recovery time was up to 5 d; the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen could be decreased from 90% to around 70%, and the longest recovery time was up to 5 d; the total nitrogen removal efficiency could be decreased from 48% to 34%, and the longest recovery time of the system required 5 d too. From the perspective of sludge activity, with the extension of shutdown time, the sludge activity indexes such as SOUR, dehydrogenase activity and SATP decreased accordingly. Through the method of microbial sequencing, it was also found that the microbial population changed greatly before and after the shutdown. From the perspective of phylum level, the proportion of heterotrophic bacteria of Proteobacteria decreased significantly after the shutdown, and the proportion of anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroidea increased. From the perspective of genus classification, the number of traditional nitrifying bacteria decreased, but the number of bacteria with synchronous nitrification and denitrification showed an upward trend. For the wastewater treatment facilities that have to be shut down, an aeration operation with less oxygen is a feasible alternative way to maintain the activity of the sludge.

Key words: decentralized sewage treatment, shutdown/restart, two stage AO device, sludge activity, microbial flora

中图分类号:

X703

杨哲, 周小国, 李彦, 王明良, 朱莉, 朱华, 毛旭辉. 两级缺氧-好氧生化装置微曝/重启运行效果及微生物菌群变化特征研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(11): 1474-1482.

YANG Zhe, ZHOU Xiao-guo, LI Yan, WANG Ming-liang, ZHU Li, ZHU Hua, MAO Xu-hui. Effect of Shutdown/Restart Operation on Water Treatment Performance and Microbial Flora Characteristics for Two-stage Anoxic-aerobic Setup[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(11): 1474-1482.

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