不同钝化材料对玉米Cd、Pb积累与转运的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0075

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究不同钝化材料组合及用量对玉米吸收Cd、Pb的阻控效果,实现重金属污染耕地的安全利用,以"华兴单88"为供试玉米,采用田间试验方法,研究喷施叶面阻控剂(JGL)、不同用量有机肥(YJF1和YJF2)、腐植酸(FZS)和土壤重金属钝化剂(DHJ)以及YJF、FZS和DHJ与JGL的组合(YJF1⁺/YJF2⁺、FZS⁺和DHJ⁺)对玉米生物性状和各部位Cd、Pb含量以及富集系数(BCF)、转运系数(TF)的影响,并根据玉米籽粒Cd、Pb的BCF推算土壤Cd、Pb风险阈值(T)作为阻控效果的评价指标。结果表明,9种阻控措施处理玉米产量较CK提高14.4%~32.3%,增产能力表现为JGL++++;玉米籽粒Cd、Pb含量以及相应的BCF相较CK分别降低31.0%~65.5%、18.2%~59.1%和33.2%~68.7%、16.8%~57.6%,各处理Cd、Pb阻控效果均表现为JGL>DHJ>YJF1>DHJ⁺>YJF1⁺>YJF2>FZS>YJF2⁺>FZS⁺;供试玉米各部位Cd、Pb含量及富集能力均表现为根部最强,籽粒最弱,Cd、Pb转运能力均表现为茎部-叶部最强,根部-茎部最弱。通过田间试验证明,10种处理供试玉米产量和Cd、Pb阻控效果均表现为FZS⁺>YJF2⁺>FZS>YJF2>YJF1⁺>DHJ⁺>YJF1>DHJ>JGL>CK;9种阻控措施处理供试玉米土壤T_Cd和T_Pb分别介于11.0~23.1 mg·kg^-1和109.9~218.0 mg·kg^-1之间。在该试验条件下,FZS作为增产以及Cd、Pb阻控效果最好的钝化材料,建议在Cd轻中度污染土壤的玉米产区推广使用,FZS⁺作为增产以及Cd、Pb阻控效果最好的组合措施建议在Cd重度污染土壤的玉米产区推广使用。

关键词: 钝化材料, 玉米, Cd, Pb, 富集转运, 风险阈值

Abstract: The "Huaxing dan 88" maize variety was used to explore the effect of different passivation material combinations and dosages on Cd and Pb absorption by maize and facilitate safe crop production in heavy metal-contaminated farmland. This study also used field experiments to examine the impact of "Jiangge ling" foliar inhibitor (JGL), organic fertilizer (YJF), humic acid (FZS), and soil heavy metal passivator (DHJ) spraying and the different dosage combinations on the biological traits of maize, the Cd and Pb levels, the bioconcentration factor (BCF), and translocation factor (TF). The BCF of the Cd and Pb in the maize grains was used to calculate the soil Cd and Pb risk threshold (T) as a resistance evaluation index. The results show that the nine resistance control measures increased the yield by 14.4% to 32.3% compared with CK, with the yield increasing ability exhibiting an order of JGL++++. The Cd and Pb levels and Cd BCF and Pb BCF values in the maize grains decreased from 31.0% to 65.5%, 18.2% to 59.1%, 33.2% to 68.7%, and 16.8% to 57.6%, respectively, compared with CK. The control effect of Cd and Pb was JGL>DHJ>YJF1>DHJ⁺>YJF1⁺>YJF2>FZS>YJF2⁺>FZS⁺. The Cd and Pb content and enrichment were highest in the roots of the maize and lowest in the grains. The stem-leaf transport ability of Cd and Pb was the strongest, while the root-stem capacity was the weakest. Field experiments confirmed that the yield and Cd and Pb control effect of the maize exposed to the 10 treatments were FZS⁺>YJF2⁺>FZS>YJF2>YJF1⁺>DHJ⁺>YJF1>DHJ>JGL>CK. The soil T_Cd and T_Pb of the tested maize were between 11.0-23.1 mg·kg^-1 and 109.9-218.0 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Therefore, FZS is recommended as a passivation material in the maize production area under mild to moderate Cd pollution since it has displayed the best yield increase and Cd and Pb resistance effect, and FZS⁺ is recommended as a combination measure which has exhibited the best yield increase and Cd and Pb resistance effect in the maize production area under severe Cd pollution.

Key words: passivation materials, maize, Cd, Pb, bioconcentration translocation, risk threshold

中图分类号:

刘奇, 王晟, 陈文, 赵炫越, 包立, 张乃明. 不同钝化材料对玉米Cd、Pb积累与转运的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(3): 437-448.

LIU Qi, WANG Sheng, CHEN Wen, ZHAO Xuan-yue, BAO Li, ZHANG Nai-ming. Effects of Different Passivation Materials on the Accumulation and Transport of Cd and Pb in Maize[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(3): 437-448.

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