微塑料对陆生植物生长发育和根际环境影响研究进展

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0193

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于农业活动、大气沉降和地表径流等原因,土壤已成为微塑料重要聚集地。微塑料在土壤中积累会影响陆生植物生长发育,并威胁陆地生态系统及食物链安全。因此,研究微塑料对陆生植物生长发育影响具有重要意义。该文在综述微塑料对陆生植物生长发育和根际环境影响等方面研究进展的基础上,提出加强相关研究的展望和建议。微塑料能吸附在植物表面,并通过根尖进入植物体内,影响种子萌发和根系发育,诱导氧化应激反应,改变光合作用强度,产生细胞毒性和遗传毒性,影响植物新陈代谢和营养吸收等。微塑料的植物毒性受到微塑料特征(浓度、大小、形状、电荷和成分等)以及不同植物及其生长阶段的影响。同时,微塑料还能改变植物根际土壤特性和微生物群落,间接影响植物生长。最后,总结了微塑料对陆生植物生长发育和根际环境影响,并对未来土壤-植物系统中微塑料相关研究进行展望,为土壤及陆地生态系统微塑料污染风险防控和治理提供科学依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 微塑料, 土壤, 陆生植物, 植物毒性, 土壤特性, 微生物群落

Abstract: Soil has become an important gathering place for microplastics (MPs) due to agricultural activities, atmospheric deposition, and surface runoff. The accumulation of microplastics in soil affects the growth and development of terrestrial plants, posing a threat to the safety of terrestrial ecosystems and food chains. Therefore, it is crucial to study the effects of microplastics on terrestrial plant growth and development. This article reviews research progress on the effects of microplastics on plant growth and development as well as on rhizosphere environments, and proposes prospects and suggestions for strengthening related research. Microplastics can adhere to plant surfaces, enter into plants through root tips, affect seed germination and root system development, induce oxidative stress responses, alter photosynthetic intensity, produce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity while affecting plant metabolism and nutrient absorption. The phytotoxicity of microplastics depend on their characteristics (concentration, size, shape, composition and charge) as well as different plants at various stages of growth. Microplastics can also change the characteristics of plant rhizosphere soil and microbial communities, indirectly affecting plant growth. This article summarizes research on the effects of microplastics on terrestrial plant growth and rhizosphere environment, and discusses future research directions on MPs in soil-plant system, providing scientific basis and technical support for risk prevention and control of microplastic pollution in soil and land ecosystems.

Key words: microplastics, soil, terrestrial plant, phytotoxicity, soil property, microbial community

中图分类号:

X503.23
X53

陈广龙, 王文静, 王俊. 微塑料对陆生植物生长发育和根际环境影响研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(5): 625-633.

CHEN Guang-long, WANG Wen-jing, WANG Jun. Research Progress on the Effects of Microplastics on the Growth and Development of Terrestrial Plants and Rhizosphere Environment[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(5): 625-633.

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