Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of agricultural inputs in Jiangxi Province over a 30-year period and investigate their correlation with adjustments in planting structure. This research aims to establish a theoretical foundation for enhancing the quality and efficiency of agricultural production and mitigating non-point source pollution in the agricultural sector. The analysis was conducted using ArcGIS, the center of gravity model, and the structural equilibrium degree approach. Linear regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between changes in agricultural planting structure and agricultural inputs. The findings indicate that: (1) The input of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural films in Jiangxi Province demonstrated an overall trend of increasing and then decreasing from 1992 to 2019. However, the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on farmland in Jiangxi Province has been significantly reduced since the implementation of a series of policies aimed at reducing the consumption of pesticides and fertilizers and improving their efficiency in 2015, and the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in 2020 decreased by 24.5% and 43.9%, respectively compared with that in 2015, but the slowing trend of agricultural film input in recent years is not obvious; (2) There is a clear pattern of spatial clustering in the intensity of fertilizer application throughout Jiangxi Province, with a general trend of aggregated distribution along Poyang Lake Basin, Fuhe River Basin and Ganjiang River Basin; the degree of pesticide input is generally higher in the northeast of Jiangxi Province; and plastic agricultural film usage was generally increasing and particularly prevalent in the eastern and southern areas of the province; (3) The restructuring of the plantation industry in Jiangxi Province is evident in the significant rise of orchard plantation area, which increased from 106.7 thousand hectares in 1992 to 427.8 thousand hectares in 2020, resulting in an increase in proportion from 2.1% to 7.6%. A more pronounced correlation exists between the expansion of orchard planting area and the utilization of agricultural films, in comparison to the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This observation suggests a strong correlation between the expansion of fruit cultivation areas in Jiangxi Province and the concurrent rise in the adoption of agricultural films.