Abstract: It is important to clarify the preferences of rural residents in their choice of environmental management methods, because it can further increase the participation rate of farmer households in environmental management and to accelerate the construction of ecologically pleasant and beautiful villages. Based on 1 168 microscopic survey data in Hubei Province, a bivariate probit model was used to empirically analyse the intrinsic role of the relationship between resource endowment, hometown identity and farmers′ choice of participation methods in village environmental governance. The results show that there were differences in farmers′ preferences for participation in village environmental governance, with 10.70% of the farmers preferring to participate with money, 38.36% preferring to participate with contributing efforts, and 19.52% preferring to participate with both money and contributing efforts. The higher the level of education and income from work, the more the farmers prefer to participate with money; the lower the proportion of total household income and income from work, and the wider the social network, the more the farmers prefer to participate with contributing efforts; the higher the level of total household income, social trust and social prestige, the more the farmers prefer to participate with both money and contributing efforts. There is a positive moderating effect of hometown identity in the process of total household income influencing farmers′ "willingness to pay" and labour force influencing farmers′ "willingness to contribute effort" to participate in village environmental management, and hometown identity can promote the participation of the groups of farmers who have the ability to contribute money or efforts to participate but have not yet done so in village environmental governance. Accordingly, policy recommendations are proposed to promote farmers′ participation in environmental governance. These include improving their household resource endowment, cultivating and strengthening their sense of hometown identity, accelerating rural economic development and developing group differentiated governance strategies.