Abstract: The Yellow Sea Wetland Heritage Area is the first coastal wetland natural heritage in China. Under the background that the wetland habitat conservation becomes a focal point of development, the livelihoods of farmers in the vicinity of the heritage area face numerous challenges. Enhancing the livelihood resilience of these farmers is crucial for achieving wetland conservation and promoting collaborative development with neighboring communities. Taking the typical villages surrounding the Yellow Sea Wetland Heritage Area as a case for the study, an evaluation index system for farmers′ livelihood resilience based on three dimensions: buffering capacity, self-organization ability, and learning capacity was developed. The key influencing factors were also identified by the Obstacle Degree Model, and based on which the optimization path of farmers′ livelihood resilience was further put forward. The findings are as follows: (1) Overall, the livelihood resilience of farmers in the villages surrounding the Yellow Sea Wetland Heritage Area was relatively low. Buffering capacity was the highest, while self-organization ability and learning capacity were comparatively lower, with significant variations in livelihood resilience among different types of households. (2) Housing conditions, public service coverage, per capita agricultural area, family livelihood diversity, financial support and risk perception ability were the common influencing factors of farmers′ livelihood resilience across various household types. (3) A systematic approach should be adopted to construct a pathway for enhancing livelihood resilience, which should be guided by the principles of "classification optimization, multi-sector collaboration, policy support, and farmer self-awareness". The research results can serve as valuable decision-making reference for advancing harmonious co-existence between humans and nature in the Yellow Sea Wetland Heritage Area and promoting high-quality rural development.