小清河流域氮磷时空特征及影响因素的空间与多元统计分析

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2015.02.001

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 137-145.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2015.02.001

• 区域环境与发展 • 下一篇

小清河流域氮磷时空特征及影响因素的空间与多元统计分析

王琼,姜德娟,于靖,张华

中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所

收稿日期:2014-07-15 修回日期:2014-12-25 出版日期:2015-03-25 发布日期:2015-04-15
通讯作者: 张华中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 E-mail:hzhang@yic.ac.cn
作者简介:王琼（1989-），女，四川乐山人，硕士生，主要从事水文过程与数值模拟研究。E-mail:qiongwang@yic.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-14);中国科学院“一三五”规划（烟台海岸带研究所）生态突破项目(Y254021031)

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Spatial and Multi-Variable Statistical Analysis of Its Impacting Factors in Xiaoqinghe Watershed

WANG Qiong, JIANG De-Juan, YU Jing, ZHANG Hua

Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

Received:2014-07-15 Revised:2014-12-25 Online:2015-03-25 Published:2015-04-15
Contact: ZHANG Hua Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences E-mail:hzhang@yic.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取山东小清河流域为研究区，在2012—2013年汛期和非汛期的水质监测基础上，应用主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(CA)等多元统计方法识别流域不同形态氮磷浓度的时空分布特征，结合空间分析和相关分析方法辨析集水区不同土地利用方式对氮磷输出的影响。结果表明：流域氮污染严重，其中总氮超标率达到100%。氨氮、磷酸盐浓度汛期显著高于非汛期，硝态氮浓度则非汛期显著高于汛期（P<0.05）。以总磷、总溶解态磷为主要指标的主成分Z1对水质变化的贡献率接近50%，以总氮、氨氮和硝态氮为主要指标的主成分Z2对水质变化的贡献率接近20%。总氮、总磷、氨氮、磷酸盐和总溶解态磷的浓度与集水区城市和工业建设用地的面积比例呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；硝态氮浓度与耕地面积比例呈显著正相关，与草地、林地面积比例呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。空间上不同子流域的氮磷分布特征被划分为3类：第1类和第2类主要集中在干流及北部平原区，沿途接纳点源排放，氮磷浓度总体较高且空间差异较大；第3类流域主要位于南部山区，建设用地比例较小，污染程度相对较低。

关键词: 小清河流域, 氮磷, 时空特征, 土地利用, 多元统计

Abstract: Water quality of the Xiaoqinghe Watershed in Shandong Province during rainy and dry seasons in the year of 2012-2013 were investigated. Based on the water quality monitoring data of the period, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to determine spatio-temporal distribution of various forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the watershed. Meanwhile, spatial analysis and correlation analysis were carried out to analyze effects of types of land use on N and P export. Results show that nitrogen pollution of the watershed was very serious, with the over standard rate of total nitrogen (TN) reaching 100%. Ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and orthophosphate-phosphorus concentrations (PO₄^3--P) were significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, whereas nitrate nitrogen concentration was in a reverse trend. Principal components (Z1) represented mainly by total phosphate (TP) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), explained about 50% of the total variability of water quality, while principal components (Z2), consisting mainly of TN, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N, explained about 20% of the total variability. TN, TP, NH₄⁺-N, PO₄^3--P and TDP concentrations were significantly and positively related to proportion of the residential and industrial zones in the area of the watershed and NO₃^--N concentration was positively related to proportion of the cropland, but negatively to that of the forestland and grassland. In terms of spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus, the watershed could be divided into three groups of sub-watersheds: Group One and Group Two were distributed mainly along the main stream and in the northern plain, and being receptors of point source pollution wherethe concentrationof N and P were generally quite high and varied sharply, and Group Three was mainly in the southern mountain area, where construction area was quite low in proportion and pollution was low, too, in degree.

Key words: Xiaoqinghe watershed, nitrogen and phosphorus, spatio-temporal variation, land use, multi-variable statistical analysis

中图分类号:

X522

王琼, 姜德娟, 于靖, 张华. 小清河流域氮磷时空特征及影响因素的空间与多元统计分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(2): 137-145.

WANG Qiong, JIANG De-Juan, YU Jing, ZHANG Hua. Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Spatial and Multi-Variable Statistical Analysis of Its Impacting Factors in Xiaoqinghe Watershed[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2015, 31(2): 137-145.

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小清河流域氮磷时空特征及影响因素的空间与多元统计分析

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Spatial and Multi-Variable Statistical Analysis of Its Impacting Factors in Xiaoqinghe Watershed

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