每日最大污染负荷(TMDL)计划的借鉴意义与我国水污染总量控制管理流程

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.01.009

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 47-52.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.01.009

每日最大污染负荷(TMDL)计划的借鉴意义与我国水污染总量控制管理流程

刘庄, 刘爱萍, 庄巍, 张丽, 何斐, 解宇锋, 杭小帅, 高吉喜

环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042

收稿日期:2015-04-07 出版日期:2016-01-25 发布日期:2016-01-27
通讯作者: 高吉喜,通信作者E-mail:gjx@nies.org E-mail:gjx@nies.org
作者简介:刘庄(1969-),男,江苏姜堰人,研究员,博士,主要从事水体污染负荷计算与水质变化预测方面的研究。E-mail:liuzhuang@nies.org
基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金(BK2011081);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07503-004;2012ZX07506-007)

Use of TMDL for Reference and Flow-Chat of Management of Water Pollution Volume Control in China

LIU Zhuang, LIU Ai-ping, ZHUANG Wei, ZHANG Li, HE Fei, XIE Yu-feng, HANG Xiao-shuai, GAO Ji-xi

Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China

Received:2015-04-07 Online:2016-01-25 Published:2016-01-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在系统调研相关文献的基础上,分析了美国每日最大污染负荷(total maximum daily loads,TMDL)计划的框架、特点和研究进展,对比美国的先进经验,对我国水污染总量的控制管理和研究现状进行了全面分析,认为污染总量削减考核指标单一、总量控制和减排目标的制定未考虑水环境容量、总量控制和减排未与水质改善挂钩以及管理与科研脱节等是我国目前水污染总量管控存在的主要问题。需加强水质模型、污染负荷与水环境容量计算方面的研究,建立相对客观且可操作性强的污染减排效果评估与考核方案。借鉴TMDL计划,提出了完善我国水污染总量管控技术流程与方案的建议。

关键词: 水污染总量控制, 每日最大污染负荷, 水环境容量

Abstract:

Based on the review of relevant literatures, the framework and characters of TMDL(total maximum daily loads) and the research in progress have been analyzed. Using the TMDL for reference, problems in pollution volume control of China are discussed. The results show that the indices for performance assessment of total pollution volume reduction are too simple; the formulation of the targets of the total volume control and pollution reduction failed to take into account of aquatic environmental capacity; the total volume control and pollution reduction is not related to improvement of water quality; and management and scientific research go adrift.It is, therefore, essential to strengthen the researches on water quality modeling and calculation of pollution load and water environmental capacity, and to develop a relatively objective and highly operable scheme for evaluation and performance assessment of pollution reduction. Proposals are brought forth for consummate the technical flow and scheme for water pollution total volume control in China.

Key words: water pollution load control, TMDL, water environmental capacity

中图分类号:

X52
X321

刘庄, 刘爱萍, 庄巍, 张丽, 何斐, 解宇锋, 杭小帅, 高吉喜. 每日最大污染负荷(TMDL)计划的借鉴意义与我国水污染总量控制管理流程[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(1): 47-52.

LIU Zhuang, LIU Ai-ping, ZHUANG Wei, ZHANG Li, HE Fei, XIE Yu-feng, HANG Xiao-shuai, GAO Ji-xi. Use of TMDL for Reference and Flow-Chat of Management of Water Pollution Volume Control in China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(1): 47-52.

参考文献

[1] USEPA.Guidance for Water Quality Based Decisions:The TMDL Process[R].Washington DC,USA:US Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Water Regulations and Standards,1991:9-11.
[2] 包存宽,张敏,尚金城.流域水污染物排放总量控制研究[J].地理科学,2000(2):61-64.
[3] USEPA.Overview of Current Total Maximum Daily Load-TMDL-Program and Regulations[R].Washington DC:US Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Water Regulations and Standards,2000:1-2.
[4] 美国环保署.美国TMDL计划与典型案例实施[M].王东,赵越,王玉秋,等译.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012:2-146.
[5] GULATI S,STUBBLEFIELD A A,HANLON J S,et al.Use of Continuous and Grab Sample Data for Calculating Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) in Agricultural Watersheds[J].Chemosphere,2014,99(3):81-88.
[6] KANG M S,PARK S W,LEE J J.Applying SWAT for TMDL Programs to a Small Watershed Containing Rice Paddy Fields[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,79(2):72-92.
[7] KIM J,ENGEL B A,PARK Y S,et al.Development of Web-Based Load Duration Curve System for Analysis of Total Maximum Daily Load and Water Quality Characteristics in a Waterbody[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,97(4):46-55.
[8] LEBO M E,PAERL H W,PEIERLS B L.Evaluation of Progress in Achieving TMDL Mandated Nitrogen Reductions in the Neuse River Basin,North Carolina[J].Environmental Management,2012,49(3):253-266.
[9] VASQUEZ V R,CURREN J,LAUS L,et al.A Field Studies and Modeling Approach to Develop Organochlorine Pesticide and PCB Total Maximum Daily Load Calculations:Case Study for Echo Park Lake,Los Angeles,CA[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(5):4010-4015.
[10] SAHOO G B,NOVER D M,REUTER J E,et al.Nutrient and Particle Load Estimates to Lake Tahoe(CA-NV,USA) for Total Maximum Daily Load Establishment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,444(2):579-590.
[11] LEMLY A D.A Procedure for Setting Environmentally Safe Total Maximum Daily Loads(TMDLs) for Selenium[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2002,52(4):123-127.
[12] FAKHRAEI H,DRISCOLL C T,SELVENDIRAN P,et al.Development of a Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) for Acid-Impaired Lakes in the Adirondack Region of New York[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,95(2):277-287
[13] MISHRA P K,DENG Z Q.Sediment TMDL Development for the Amite River[J].Water Resourse Management,2009,23(5):839-852.
[14] HE L M,LUB J,SHI W Y.Variability of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Flowing and Ponded Waters in Southern California:Implications for Bacterial TMDL Development and Implementation[J].Water Research,2007,41(5):3132-3140.
[15] ZHAO L,ZHANG X L,LIU Y,et al.Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model for TMDL Development of Lake Fuxian,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(8):1355-1363.
[16] CHEN D J,DAHLDREN R A,SHEN Y N,et al.A Baysian Approach for Calculating Variable Total Maximum Daily Loads and Uncertainty Assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,430(3):59-67.
[17] 万金保,高园,万莉.负荷历时曲线法在赣江流域TMDL计划中的应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(8):1139-1142.
[18] 柯强,赵静,王少平,等.最大日负荷总量(TMDL)技术在农业面源污染控制与管理中的应用与发展趋势[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(1):85-91.
[19] 于晶,王在峰,李栋.水污染源总量控制方法研究[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(4):125-128.
[20] 魏文龙,曾思育,杜鹏飞,等.一种兼顾目标总量和容量总量的水污染物排放限值确定方法[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(1):136-142.
[21] 陈龙,曾维华.季节性河流的污染物总量控制框架构建[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2107-2111.
[22] 田平,方晓波,王飞儿,等.基于环境基尼系数最小化模型的水污染物总量分配优化:以张家港平原水网区为例[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):801-809.
[23] 刘媛媛,钱新,王炳权,等.基于控制单元的水环境容量分配研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(1):110-116.
[24] 刘巧玲,王奇.基于区域差异的污染物削减总量分配研究:以COD削减总量的省际分配为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(4):512-517.
[25] 吕丽,邓义祥,李艳,等.决策偏好对水环境污染物总量分配的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(2):466-472.
[26] 刘年磊,蒋洪强,卢亚灵.水污染物总量控制目标分配研究:考虑主体功能区环境约束[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):80-87.
[27] 王媛,张宏伟,杨会民,等.信息熵在水污染物总量区域公平分配中的应用[J].水利学报,2009,40(9):1103-1115.

每日最大污染负荷(TMDL)计划的借鉴意义与我国水污染总量控制管理流程

Use of TMDL for Reference and Flow-Chat of Management of Water Pollution Volume Control in China

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 2

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	姜欣, 许士国, 练建军, 孟庆国. 北方河流动态水环境容量分析与计算[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2013, 29(4): 409-414.
[2]	沈建, 赵荫薇. 通波塘水量水质一维动态模拟及水环境容量[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 1993, 9(4): 5-7,62.