秸秆生物炭对菜地N2O、CO2与CH4排放及土壤化学性质的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过盆栽模拟试验,探究玉米秸秆生物炭施用对菜地温室气体N₂O、CO₂与CH₄排放及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,生物炭施用抑制了菜地N₂O排放,NB1(施N 400 kg·hm^-2,生物炭20 t·hm^-2)和NB2(施N 400 kg·hm^-2,生物炭40 t·hm^-2)的N₂O累积排放量分别比N处理(施N 400 kg·hm^-2)低76.4%和70.7%,但抑制效应并未随生物炭用量的增加而加强。生物炭施用增强了CO₂排放,但对CH₄排放影响不显著。NB1和NB2累积CO₂排放量分别为N处理的1.8和2.1倍,不容忽视的是,这2种处理同时增加了土壤中有机碳含量,分别比N处理高15.2%与21.3%。NB1和NB2在不降低甚至提高蔬菜产量的基础上,提高了土壤中NH₄⁺-N含量与pH值,降低了NO₃^--N含量。pH值和NH₄⁺-N含量分别平均比N处理高0.265和34.9%,NO₃^--N含量平均比N处理低12.7%,因此生物炭具有减排N₂O与改良菜地土壤质量的巨大潜力。但生物炭引起的CO₂排放以及对土壤有机碳增加的净影响效应尚需进一步研究。

关键词: 生物炭, 菜地, N₂O, CO₂, CH₄, 土壤化学性质

Abstract:

A pot experiment was carried out to explore impacts of application of maize stalk-derived biochar on emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) from and soil physicochemical properties of vegetable fields. Results show that application of the biochar suppressed N₂O emission. Compared to Treatment N (N 400 kg·hm^-2), Treatment NB1(N 400 kg·hm^-2+biochar 20 t·hm^-2) and Treatment NB2(N 400 kg·hm^-2+biochar 40 t·hm^-2) decreased N₂O emission by 76.4% and 70.7%, respectively. But the effect did not increase with increasing application rate of the biochar. Application of the biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promoted CO₂ emission, but did not affect much CH₄ emission. The cumulative CO₂ emission in Treatments NB1 and NB2 was 1.8 times and 2.1 times, respectively, as much as that in Treatment N. Application of the biochar increased soil organic carbon content, which was 15.2% and 21.3% higher, respectively, in Treatments NB1 and NB2 than in Treatment N. Meanwhile, application of the biochar increased the content of ammonium nitrogen and pH, and reduced the content of nitrate nitrogen while maintaining and even increasing yield of the vegetable. Soil pH and content of ammonium nitrogen was 0.265 and 34.9% higher in the field applied with biochar than in the field without application of biochar, while content of nitrate nitrogen was 12.7% lower in the former than in the latter. So biochar has a great potential of decreasing N₂O emission and improving vegetable soil quality. However, it still calls for further study to explore net effect of application of biochar on CO₂ emission and soil organic carbon pool.

Key words: biochar, vegetable field, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, soil chemical property

中图分类号:

X511
S153.6

贾俊香, 熊正琴. 秸秆生物炭对菜地N₂O、CO₂与CH₄排放及土壤化学性质的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(2): 283-288.

JIA Jun-xiang, XIONG Zheng-qin. Impact of Application of Maize Stalk-Derived Biochar on Soil Properties of and N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄ Emissions From Vegetable Fields[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(2): 283-288.

参考文献

[1] YAN X Y,YAGI K,AKIYAMA H,et al.Statistical Analysis of the Major Variables Controlling Methane Emission From Rice Fields[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(7):1131-1141.
[2] DING W X,MENG L,YIN Y F,et al.CO₂ Emission in an Intensively Cultivated Loam as Affected by Long-Term Application of Organic Manure and Nitrogen Fertilizer[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(2):669-679.
[3] CLOUGH T,SHERLOCK R,ROLSTON D.A Review of the Movement and Fate of N₂O in the Subsoil[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2005,72(1):3-11.
[4] JU X T,LIU X J,ZHAGN F S,et al.Nitrogen Fertilization,Soil Nitrate Accumulation,and Policy Recommendations in Several Agricultural Regions of China[J].Ambio,2004,33(6):300-305.
[5] ZHENG X H,HAN H M,HUANG Y,et al.Re-Quantifying the Emission Factors Based on Field Measurements and Estimating the Direct N₂O Emission From Chinese Croplands[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2004,18:GB2018.
[6] JU X T,XING G X,CHEN X P,et al.Reducing Environmental Risk by Improving N Management in Intensive Chinese Agricultural Systems[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2009,106(9):3041-3046.
[7] ZOU J W,HUANG Y,QIN Y M,et al.Changes in Fertilizer-Induced Direct N₂O Emissions From Paddy Fields During Rice-Growing Season in China Between 1950s and 1990s[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15(1):229-242.
[8] HE F F,JIANG R F,CHEN Q,et al.Nitrous Oxide Emissions From an Intensively Managed Greenhouse Vegetable Cropping System in Northern China[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(5):1666-1672.
[9] WANG J Y,XIONG Z Q,YAN X Y.Fertilizer-Induced Emission Factors and Background Emissions of N₂O From Vegetable Fields in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(38):6923-6929.
[10] JOSEPH S D,CAMPS-ARBESTAIN M,LIN Y,et al.An Investigation Into the Reactions of Biochar in Soil[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2010,48(7):501-515.
[11] VAN ZWIETEN L,KIMBER S,MORRIS S,et al.Influence of Biochars on Flux of N₂O and CO₂ From Ferrosol[J].Soil Research,2010,48(7):555-568.
[12] SOHI S,LOPEZ-CAPEL E,KRULL E,et al.Biochar,Climate Change and Soil:A Review to Guide Future Research[J].CSIRO Land and Water Science Report,2009,5(9):17-31.
[13] CLOUGH T J,BERTRAM J E,RAY J L,et al.Un-Weathered Wood Biochar Impact on Nitrous Oxide Emissions From a Bovine-Urine-Amended Pasture Soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2010,74(3):852-860.
[14] NELISSEN V,SAHA B K,RUYSSCHAERT G,et al.Effect of Different Biochar and Fertilizer Types on N₂O and NO Emissions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,70:244-255.
[15] 潘根兴,张阿凤,邹建文,等.农业废弃物生物黑炭转化还田作为低碳农业途径的探讨[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(4):394-400.
[16] ZHANG A F,CUI L Q,PANG G X,et al.Effect of Biochar Amendment on Yield and Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions From a Rice Paddy From Tai Lake Plain,China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2010,139(4):469-475.
[17] 彭华,纪雄辉,吴家梅,等.生物黑炭还田对晚稻CH₄和N₂O综合减排影响研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,20(11):1620-1625.
[18] 王成己,王义祥,林宇航,等.生物黑炭输入对果园土壤性状及活性有机碳的影响[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(2):196-199.
[19] 靖彦,陈效民,刘祖香,等.生物黑炭与无机肥料配施对旱作红壤有效磷含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):989-994.
[20] 鲁如坤.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000:159-160.
[21] YANAI Y,TOYOTA K,OKAZAKI M.Effects of Charcoal Addition on N₂O Emissions From Soil Resulting From Rewetting Air-Dried Soil in Short-Term Laboratory Experiments[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2007,53(2):181-188.
[22] CHAN K Y,VAN ZWIETEN L,MESZAROS I,et al.Agronomic Values of Green-Waste Biochar as a Soil Amendment[J].Soil Research,2008,45(8):629-634.
[23] CASE S D C,MCNAMARA N P,REAY D S,et al.The Effect of Biochar Addition on N₂O and CO₂ Emissions From a Sandy Loam Soil:The Role of Soil Aeration[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,51:125-134.
[24] KAMMANN C,RATERING S,ECKHARD C,et al.Biochar and Hydrochar Effects on Greenhouse Gas (Carbon Dioxide,Nitrous Oxide,and Methane) Fluxes From Foils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2012,41(4):1052-1066.
[25] LEHMANN J,DA SILVA J P JR,STEINER C,et al.Nutrient Availability and Leaching in an Archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon Basin:Fertilizer,Manure and Charcoal Amendments[J].Plant and Soil,2003,249(2):343-357.
[26] WANG J Y,ZHANG M,XIONG Z Q,et al.Effects of Biochar Addition on N₂O and CO₂Emissions From Two Paddy Soils[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2011,47(8):887-896.
[27] VAN ZWIETEN L,KIMBER S,DOWNIE A,et al.A Glasshouse Study on the Interaction of Low Mineral Ash Biochar With Nitrogen in a Sandy Soil[J].Soil Research,2010,48(7):569-576.
[28] SMITH J L,COLLINS H P,BAIlEY V L.The Effect of Young Biochar on Soil Respiration[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(12):2345-2347.
[29] JONES D L,MURPHY D V,KHALID M,et al.Short-Term Biochar-Induced Increase in Soil CO₂ Release Is Both Biotically and Abiotically Mediated[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(8):1723-1731.
[30] SPOKAS K A,KOSKINEN W C,BAKER J M,et al.Impacts of Woodchip Biochar Additions on Greenhouse Gas Production and Sorption/Degradation of Two Herbicides in a Minnesota Soil[J].Chemosphere,2009,77(4):574-581.
[31] RENNER R.Rethinking Biochar[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2007,41(17):5932-5933.
[32] RONDON M A,MOLINA D,HURTADO M,et al.Enhancing the Productivity of Crops and Grasses While Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Biochar Amendments to Unfertile Tropical Soils[C]//Proceedings of the 18th World Congress of Soil Science.Philadelphia,USA:[s.n.],2006:138-168.
[33] 曲晶晶,郑金伟,郑聚锋,等.小麦秸秆生物质炭对水稻产量及晚稻氮素利用率的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(3):288-293.

秸秆生物炭对菜地N₂O、CO₂与CH₄排放及土壤化学性质的影响

Impact of Application of Maize Stalk-Derived Biochar on Soil Properties of and N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄ Emissions From Vegetable Fields

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	丁艳, 张晓雅, 高俊琴, 李谦维, 乐艺, 蒋丽华. 水分变化对若尔盖高寒湿地木里薹草(Carex muliensis)枯落物分解及CO₂排放的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(8): 1027-1033.
[2]	马洁晨, 汪新亮, 张学胜, 李玉成, 郑刘根, 王宁. 不同热解温度龙虾壳生物炭特征及对Zn²⁺的吸附机制[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(7): 900-908.
[3]	王雨薇, 李莉, 王新爽. 鹿粪和菌肥对菜地土壤Pb和Zn生物有效性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(2): 234-241.
[4]	孟莉蓉, 俞浩丹, 杨婷婷, 尹微琴, 侯建华, 王圣森, 王小治. 改性豆饼生物质炭对铅的吸附特性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(7): 643-650.
[5]	曹玉平, 邓飞艳, 焦树林, 袁热林, 张倩. 红水河龙滩水库夏季CO₂分压分布特征及影响因素[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(6): 521-527.
[6]	袁敏, 刘晓冰, 唐美珍, 杨月伟. 生物炭固定菌强化人工湿地对低温污水中氮素去除的模拟研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(5): 463-468.
[7]	申磊, 荆延德, 孙小银, 郝郝, 曹永强. 动植物来源生物炭对水体中Cd²⁺的吸附特性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(4): 363-370.
[8]	李三姗, 王楚楚, 何晓云, 任丽曼, 郭琼, 杨柳燕. 改性水生植物生物炭对低浓度硝态氮的吸附特性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(4): 356-362.
[9]	张文, 吕欣田, 韩睿, 胡志新. 2种改性生物炭对水体硝态氮的吸附特性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(3): 253-259.
[10]	单瑞峰, 孙小银, 王萧, 甄书仙. 应用近红外光谱快速分析生物炭性质[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(3): 282-287.
[11]	吴方涛, 曹生奎, 曹广超, 汉光昭, 林阳阳, 成淑艳. 青海湖高寒藏嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统CO₂通量变化特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(2): 124-131.
[12]	田斌, 王萌, 陈环宇, 梁翠, 龚双姣, 马陶武. 活性污泥生物炭对沉积物中镉生态毒性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(2): 161-168.
[13]	曹永强, 荆延德, 申磊, 郝郝. 生物炭与磷肥配施对棕壤中Cd形态及其有效性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(10): 939-945.
[14]	林琳, 万金忠, 李群, 周艳, 吴娟, 李川, 张胜田, 朱丽珺. 生物炭负载纳米零价铁材料的制备及还原降解性能[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(7): 660-664.
[15]	吴萍萍, 李录久, 王家嘉, 李敏. 秸秆生物炭对矿区污染土壤重金属形态转化的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(5): 453-459.