生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 432-438.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.03.015

• 区域环境与发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川省户用沼气池碳减排效益的区域特征及发展对策

田丛珊, 李明, 李勇, 刘勤   

  1. 成都理工大学地球科学学院, 四川 成都 610059
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-15 出版日期:2016-05-25 发布日期:2016-05-27
  • 通讯作者: 李勇,E-mail:liy@cdut.edu.cn E-mail:liy@cdut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:田丛珊(1990-),女,山西临汾人,硕士生,主要从事第四纪环境方面的研究。E-mail:shanshanlaichitcs@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(41401664,41371539)

Regional Characteristics of Carbon Emission Reducing Effect of Rural Household Biogas Project and Strategies for Future Development of the Project: A Case Study of Sichuan Province, China

TIAN Cong-shan, LI Ming, LI Yong, LIU Qin   

  1. Geoscience Institute, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
  • Received:2015-09-15 Online:2016-05-25 Published:2016-05-27

摘要:

为揭示户用沼气池温室气体减排能力的区域差异性特征,以四川省为例,在对5个农业大区进行农户调查的基础上,以县/区为基本评价单元,采用国内常用的评价方法和关键参数取值,核算了四川省各农业大区户用沼气池的碳减排效益。结果表明,全省户用沼气池的户均减排能力为2.21~3.21 t·a-1,平均为2.69 t·a-1;各农业大区的户均减排能力差异显著,从大到小依次为盆周山地大区(3.21 t·a-1)> 川西北高山、高原大区(2.94 t·a-1)> 川西南山地大区(2.65 t·a-1)> 盆地丘陵大区(2.42 t·a-1)> 盆西平原大区(2.21 t·a-1)。按照减排效益贡献大小可将户用沼气池类型划分为保护林地减排型和改变能源结构减排型2大类,前者的减排效益更高。2013年全省户用沼气池通过改变粪便管理方式产生的直接减排量为416.4万t,通过保护林地和改变能源结构产生的间接减排量为1 493.6万t,沼气池泄漏和因沼气自身燃烧产生的碳排放量为330.7万t,总体减碳能力为1 579.3万t。针对户用沼气项目推广中面临的新问题、新现象,建议未来新建户用沼气池项目重点向盆周山地大区和川西北高山、高原大区倾斜;建议重视盆西平原大区和盆地丘陵大区户用沼气池的维修保障体系建设,并重点支持新兴的小规模养殖户发展中小型沼气工程。

关键词: 户用沼气, 减排效益, 区域特征, 发展对策

Abstract:

In order to explore regional characteristics of the greenhouse gas emission reducing effects of the rural household biogas project, Sichuan Province was cited as a case for study. Based on farmer household surveys in five major agricultural zones of the province, carbon emission reducing effect of the household biogas project in each of the five agricultural zones was figured out. Results show that a household biogas digester could reduce 2.21-3.21 t·a-1 of carbon emission and 2.69 t·a-1 on average over the province. The effect varied sharply with the agricultural zone and the five zones followed an order of the mountainous areas around the Sichuan Basin(3.21 t·a-1) > the high mountains and the plateau in Northwest Sichuan(2.94 t·a-1) > the mountainous area of Southwest Sichuan(2.65 t·a-1) > the hilly area of the Sichuan Basin(2.42 t·a-1) > the Chengdu Plain(2.21 t·a-1). According to contribution of the biogas digesters to carbon emission reduction, the household biogas digesters in the study area can be sorted into two categories, namely, forest protection digesters and energy structure alteration digesters, of which the former was much higher in carbon emission reducing effect. In 2013, the use of biogas digesters changing the way of domestic waste treatment reduced carbon emission directly by 4.164 million tons, and indirectly by 14.936 million tons through protecting forests and altering energy structure, while increasing carbon emission by 3.307 million tons via leakage and combustion of methane, thus, making the total reduction of carbon emission up to 15.793 million tons. Aiming at the new problems and phenomena confronted in extension of the household biogas project, it is suggested that the emphasis of the extension should lean towards the mountainous areas around the Sichuan Basin and the high mountains and plateau area of Northwest Sichuan, and as for the hilly area and the Chengdu Plain of the Sichuan Basin, more attention should be paid to construction of the maintenance support system for household biogas digesters, and extrapolation of the moderate- and small-sized biogas digester project to new small-scaled animal-rearing farmers.

Key words: household biogas digester, carbon emission reduction, regional characteristics, development strategy

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