底泥氧化还原环境对苦草（Vallisneria natans）生理生态及重金属元素摄取的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

有机物降解消耗溶解氧导致的底泥厌氧环境会显著影响水生植物的生长和水生植物对某些重金属的吸收。在模拟底泥厌氧条件下，以苦草（Vallisneria natans）为研究对象，研究了受重金属污染底泥在厌氧条件下对苦草的胁迫作用，以及对苦草吸收重金属的影响。结果表明：重金属污染底泥在厌氧条件下会降低苦草叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和过氧化物酶活性，提高可溶性糖含量，但一定程度的厌氧环境则会促进植物生物量的积累，同时增加苦草对Cr、Ni、Pb和Cu的吸收。厌氧条件下苦草地上部分Cr、Ni、Pb和Cu含量分别是非厌氧条件下的2.2、5.4、3.0和1.5倍；与之相反，底泥厌氧环境不利于植物吸收Zn，厌氧环境下苦草地上部和根系Zn含量只有非厌氧环境下的64%和81%。底泥的厌氧环境会影响沉水植物对底泥重金属的吸收量，这种影响因重金属元素种类不同而有所差异。

关键词: 沉水植物, 底泥厌氧环境, 重金属污染, 植物吸收

Abstract:

Degradation of organic matter in sediments of water body would deplete oxygen in the sediment, resulting in an anoxic condition therein, which in turn affects growth of submerged macrophytes and their uptake of certain heavy metals. Under the condition of simulated anoxic sediment, Vallisneria natans was grown and monitored for stress of heavy metal pollutants in the sediment and contents of the elements in the plant tissues. Results show that the anoxic condition of the heavy metals polluted sediment lowered chlorophyll content, POD activity and soluble protein content in V. natans, raised soluble sugar content, promoted growth of the plant in biomass when the anoxic condition was kept at a certain level, and increased the uptake of Cr, Ni, Pb and Cu up to 2.2, 5.4, 3.0 and 1.5 times as high as in the tissues of the plant under the control condition, while the uptake of Zn in the shoot and root was suppressed and lowered to 64% and 81% of that, respectively, in the control. All the findings demonstrate that the redox condition of sediments significantly affects the physiology of V. natans and heavy metals uptake of the plant.

Key words: submersed macrophyte, sediment anoxia, heavy metal pollution, plant uptake

中图分类号:

芮胜阳, 吴娟, 崔娜欣, 李柱, 孔令为, 成水平. 底泥氧化还原环境对苦草（Vallisneria natans）生理生态及重金属元素摄取的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(3): 260-264.

RUI Sheng-yang, WU Juan, CUI Na-xin, LI Zhu, KONG Ling-wei, CHENG Shui-ping. Effect of Sediment Redox on Physiological Ecology and Heavy Metal Uptake of Vallisneria natans[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(3): 260-264.

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