环境中可电离有机化合物生物有效性研究进展

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人工合成化合物的增加，可电离有机化合物（ionizable organic compounds，IOCs）所占比例越来越大。由于IOCs在环境pH范围内可能以分子或离子形式存在，其在环境中的生物有效性具有特殊性。主要从物理化学吸附和生物对IOCs的吸收2个过程综述环境中IOCs生物有效性的影响因素，环境介质吸附IOCs主要受环境pH的影响，通常中性分子比离子态分子更易被环境吸附。IOCs对生物的有效性主要取决于IOCs在环境中的电离程度和生物对其富集因子。根据离子障理论，中性分子相比于离子态分子更容易穿透细胞膜，一旦化合物进入生物膜内，IOCs是否具有生物有效性取决于细胞质内pH，细胞内部影响浓度与外界环境pH无关。与生物监测和模型监测等方法相比，中空纤维液相微萃取技术更能有效地用于评估IOCs的生物有效性。在未来对IOCs的生物有效性研究中，应更加注意环境介质pH和生物体内pH的影响。

关键词: 可电离有机化合物, 生物有效性, 土壤吸附, 生物吸收

Abstract:

With the development of the chemical industry, an increasing proportion of synthetic organic compounds detected today in the environment are ionizable. As ionizable organic compounds (IOCs) may exist in the form of molecules and/or ions in the environment, their bioavailabilities in the environment are site-specific. Factors affecting IOCs bioavailabilities in the environment mainly from the angle of their physicochemical adsorption and biological absorption are elaborated. IOCs adsorption to environmental media is mainly influenced by pH. Generally, neutral molecules are more easily absorbed by the medium than ionized ones. Bioavailability of IOCs depends on ionization degree of these compounds and bioaccumulation factor. According to the theory of ion trap, neutral molecules can penetrate plasma membranes more easily than ionized ones. Once neutral molecules enter into cell, the bioavailability of IOCs depends on pH of the cytoplasm, and the effect inside the cells has nothing to do with pH in the outside environment. Compared with the techniques of biological monitoring and model monitoring, the technique of hollow fiber liquid microextraction is more efficient in evaluating bioavailability of IOCs. Besides, in future studies on bioavailability of IOCs, more emphasis should be laid on influences of pH of the environmental media and pH inside the cells.

Key words: inoizable organic compound, bioavailability, soil adsorption, biological absorption

中图分类号:

徐世积, 何影, 李思齐, 刘开林, 刘祥英, 周小毛, 柏连阳. 环境中可电离有机化合物生物有效性研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(5): 385-395.

XU Shi-ji, HE Ying, LI Si-qi, LIU Kai-lin, LIU Xiang-ying, ZHOU Xiao-mao, BAI Lian-yang. Review of Researches on Bioavailability of Ionizable Organic Compounds in Environment[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(5): 385-395.

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