喀斯特小流域石灰土硫形态和硫酸盐还原菌分布特征

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.07.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

用土壤硫形态连续提取和微生物学方法分析了石灰土中总硫、SO₄^2-、总还原态硫（TRIS）、有机硫含量以及硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）类群和数量，目的是阐明西南酸沉降地区土壤中硫化物积累和SRB的分布特征。有机硫是主要的硫形态，SO₄^2-是主要的无机硫形态。石灰土中检出脱硫叶菌属和脱硫弧菌属-脱硫微菌属类群。石灰土剖面中SRB数量与TRIS含量增大的深度对应SO₄^2--S含量降低的深度，指示石灰土中存在SO₄^2-异化还原反应。石灰土较高pH值和较低的黏粒含量不利于SO₄^2-吸附，生物滞留后剩余SO₄^2-主要通过淋溶迁移出石灰土剖面。有机硫是石灰土中大气酸沉降输入SO₄^2-的主要硫滞留方式，在硫沉降输入通量显著降低后，石灰土中有机硫矿化在较长时期内可能导致大量SO₄^2-输入流域水体，与SO₄^2-淋溶输出有关的流域土壤和水体物理化学组成变化应予以关注。

关键词: 喀斯特小流域, 石灰土, 硫形态, 硫酸盐还原菌

Abstract:

Samples of limestone soil collected from a small karst catchment affected by acid deposition in Southwest China were collected for analysis of total sulfur (TS), organic S, SO₄^2--S, total reduced inorganic sulfur (TRIS), and groups of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and their populations with the soil sulfur sequential extraction method and microbiological methods in an attempt to determine forms of sulfur and to characterize SRB distribution in the soil. It was found that organic sulfur was the major form of sulfur, while SO₄^2- was that of inorganic sulfur in the limestone soil. Bacteria of Desulfobulbus genus and Desulfovibrio-Desulfomicrobium group were detected in the limestone soil. The depth of the soil layer where SRB began to increase in population and TRIS in content corresponded well to that where SO₄^2--S began to decrease in content, which indicates that dissimilatory SO₄^2- reduction occurs in the limestone soil. The high pH and low clay content of the soil are adverse to SO₄^2- adsorption; therefore the remaining SO₄^2- after biological S retention is easily leached out of the limestone soil. SO₄^2- entering the soil with atmospheric deposition is retained mostly in the form of organic sulfur, of which mineralization releases large volumes of SO₄^2- into rivers and groundwater for a long period of time after annual sulfur deposition rate dropped by a large margin, thus affecting physic-chemical properties of the soils and chemical composition of the surrounding waterbodies. Therefore, more attention should be paid to such environmental responses in future.

Key words: small karst catchment, limestone soil, sulfur form, sulfate-reducing bacteria

中图分类号:

Q178

张伟, 张丽丽. 喀斯特小流域石灰土硫形态和硫酸盐还原菌分布特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(7): 645-652.

ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Li-li. Forms of Sulfur and Distribution of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Limestone Soil of Small Karst Catchment[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(7): 645-652.

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