贵阳喀斯特公园南石林秋季藓类植物的持水特性

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.10.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

藓类植物是恶劣环境条件下的"拓荒者"，在水土保持和群落演替甚至荒漠地区生态环境的改善中发挥着不可替代的作用。通过考察贵阳喀斯特公园南石林不同石生藓类的生物量、饱和吸水率及蒸发速率，探求藓类植物在石漠化地区的水土保持能力。选取贵阳喀斯特公园南石林优势藓类植物，与结皮土壤分离，烘干后测其生物量。将藓类植物充分吸水后测饱和吸水量，并分别在20、40、60、90 min，2、3、4、8、12、24、28、32、36、40 h后测量其蒸腾速率。结果显示，不同藓类持水保水差异显著（P<0.05），生物量最小的是狭叶湿地藓（Hyophila stenophylla），为（6.92±0.75）g·m^-2，最大的是纤枝短月藓（Brachymenium exile），为（62.64±2.45）g·m^-2；饱和吸水量最低的是狭叶湿地藓，为（123.61±1.21）g·m^-2，最高的是纤枝短月藓，为（689.89±6.89）g·m^-2；饱和吸水率最低的是多枝短月藓（Brachymenium leptophyllum），为（524.98±3.65）%，最高的是穗枝赤齿藓（Erythrodontium julaceum），为（1 633.30±7.48）%。在0~30 h内藓类植物蒸发速率呈下降趋势，到30 h左右蒸发速率逐渐趋近于0 g·kg^-1·h^-1，黑扭口藓（Barbula grescens）水分更容易丧失，羽枝青藓（Brachythecium plumosum）水分较其他藓类不易丧失。因此，优选云南赤枝藓（Braunia delavayi）和纤枝短月藓为适用于石漠化修复的藓类植物。

关键词: 石漠化, 藓类植物, 持水特性, 水土保持

Abstract:

Bryophytes are "pioneer" plants in harsh environments, playing an irreplaceable role in soil and water conservation and community succession. And bryophytes are also able to improve the ecological environment of deserts. To examine the soil and water conservation ability of mosses in rocky desertified areas, biomasses, saturated water absorption rate and evaporation rate of various mosses in the karst area were measured. And mosses dominant in the Guiyang Karst Park were separated from the crust soil and oven dried for measurement of biomass. Saturated water absorption of the mosses were measured after the mosses got fully saturated with water. And evaporation rates of the mosses were measured at 20, 40, 60, 90 min and 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 h. Results show that Hyophila stenophylla was the lowest in biomass[(6.92±0.75) g·m^-2], while Brachymenium exile the highest[(62.64±2.45) g·m^-2]; Hyophila stenophylla was the lowest[(123.61±1.21) g·m^-2] and Brachymenium exile the highest[(689.89±6.89) g·m^-2] in saturated water absorptions too; and Brachymenium leptophyllum was the lowest[(524.98±3.65)%] and Erythrodontium julaceum the highest[(1633.30±7.48)%] in saturated water absorption rate. Evaporation rates of all the mosses exhibited a gradually decreasing trend within the period of 0-30 h and approached to 0 g·kg^-1·h^-1 at the end. Barbula grescens was more likely to lose water, whereas Brachythecium plumosum is less likely than all the others. In view of the great differences in water retention capacity between different species of mosses, Braunia delavayi and Brachymenium exile are held to be the most suitable pioneers in remedying rocky desertified lands.

Key words: stony desertification, mosses, water retention capacity, soil and water conservation

中图分类号:

Q948.1

申家琛, 张朝晖, 王慧慧, 黄欢, 王智慧. 贵阳喀斯特公园南石林秋季藓类植物的持水特性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(10): 907-912.

SHEN Jia-chen, ZHANG Zhao-hui, WANG Hui-hui, HUANG Huan, WANG Zhi-hui. Water Retention Capacity of Autumn Mosses in South Stone Forest of Guiyang Karst Park[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(10): 907-912.

参考文献

[1] 喻甦.中国石漠化分布现状与特点[J].中南林业调查规划,2003,22(2):53-55.[YU Su.Distribution Status Quo & Characteristics of China's Stone Desertification Area[J].Central South Forest Inventory and Planning,2003,22(2):53-55.]
[2] 朱显谟.论原始土壤的成土过程[J].水土保持研究,1995,2(4):919-927.[ZHU Xian-mo.On the Soil Forming Process of the Original Soil[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,2(4):919-927.]
[3] VILES H A.Blue-Green Algae and Terrestrial Limestone Weathering on Alsabra Atoll:An S.E.M.and Light Microscope Study[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1987,12(3):319-330.
[4] 李阳兵,王世杰,李瑞玲.岩溶生态系统的土壤[J].生态环境,2004,13(3):434-438.[LI Yang-bing,WANG Shi-jie,LI Rui-ling.Some Soil Features of Karst Ecosystem[J].Ecology and Environment,2004,13(3):434-438]
[5] BERNDTSSON R,NODOMI K.Soil Water and Temperature Patterns in an Arid Desert Dune Sand[J].Journal of Hydrology,1996,185(1/2/3/4):221-240.
[6] 张显强,曾建军,谌金吾,等.石漠化干旱环境中石生藓类水分吸收特征及其结构适应性[J].生态学报,2012,32(12):3902-3911.[ZHANG Xian-qiang,ZENG Jian-jun,CHEN Jin-wu,et al.The Saxicolous Moss's Features of Absorbing Water and Its Structural Adaptability in the Heterogeneous Environment With Rock Desertification[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(12):3902-3911.]
[7] GREENFIELD L G.Retention of Precipitation Nitrogen by Antarctic Mosses,Lichens and Fellfield Soils[J].Antarctic Science,1992,4(2):205-206.
[8] 吴鹏程.苔藓植物生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:30-35.[WU Peng-cheng.Bryological Biolog,Introduction and Diverse Branches[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998:30-35.]
[9] SANTARIUS K A.Apoplasmic Water Fractions and Osmotic Potentials at Full Turgidity of Some Bryidae[J].Planta,1994,193(1):32-37.
[10] 王福星,曹建华,黄俊发,等.生物岩溶[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:11-12.[WANG Fu-xing,CAO Jian-hua,HUANG Jun-fa,et al.Biological Karst[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993:11-12.]
[11] 曹建华,袁道先.石生藻类、地衣、苔藓与碳酸盐岩持水性及生态意义[J].地球化学,1999,28(3):248-256.[CAO Jian-hua,YUAN Dao-xian.Relationship Between Water-Holding of Carbonate Rock and Saxicolous Algae,Lichen and Moss and Its Ecological Significance[J].Geochimica,1999,28(3):248-256.]
[12] GERDOL R.The Seasonal Growth Pattern of Sphagnum magellanicum Brid.in Different,Microhabitats on a Mire in the Southern Alps (Italy)[J].Oecologia Montana,1996,5(1):13-20.
[13] COXSON D S,MACKEY R L.Diel Periodicity of Photosynthetic Response in the Subalpine Moss Pohlia wahlenbergii[J].The Bryologist,1990,93(4):417-422.
[14] FRAHM J P,KLAUS D.Bryophytes as Indicators of Recent Climate Fluctuations in Central Europe[J].Lindbergia,2001,26(2):97-104.
[15] 李军峰,王智慧,张朝晖.喀斯特石漠化山区苔藓多样性及水土保持研究[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(7):759-764.[LI Jun-feng,WANG Zhi-hui,ZHANG Zhao-hui.Bryophyte Diversity and the Effect of Soil Formation Along With Water Conservation in Karst Rocky Desertification Region[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(7):759-764.]
[16] 张军以,戴明宏,王腊春,等.西南喀斯特石漠化治理植物选择与生态适应性[J].地球与环境,2015,43(3):269-278.[ZHANG Jun-yi,DAI Ming-hong,WANG La-chun,et al.Plant Selection and Their Ecological Adaptation for Rocky Desertification Control in Karst Region in the Southwest of China[J].Earth and Environment,2015,43(3):269-278.
[17] 魏嵬,刘方,向仰州.贵阳市花溪麦坪煤矿废弃地植被调查与分析[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,26(2):132-135.[WEI Wei,LIU Fang,XIANG Yang-zhou.The Vegetation Investigation and Analysis of Coal Mine Abandons in Maiping of Huaxi District[J].Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Sciences),2009,26(2):132-135.]
[18] 刘奉觉.用快速称重法测定杨树蒸腾速率的技术研究[J].林业科学研究,1990,3(2):162-165.[LIU Feng-jue.A Study on the Measurement of Transpiration Rate in a Poplar by Means of Quick Weighing Method[J].Forest Research,1990,3(2):162-165.
[19] 徐杰,白学良,杨持,等.固定沙丘结皮层苔藓植物多样性及固沙作用研究[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(4):545-551.[XU Jie,BAI Xue-liang,YANG Chi,et al.Study on Diversity and Binding-Sand Effect of Moss on Biotic Crusts of Fixed Dunes[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2003,27(4):545-551.]
[20] 王世冬,白学良,雍世鹏.沙坡头地区苔藓植物区系初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(3):244-249.[WANG Shi-dong,BAI Xue-liang,YONG Shi-peng.Preliminary Research on Bryoflora in Shapotou Area[J].Journal of Desert Research,2001,21(3):244-249.]
[21] SOUTHGATE R I,MASTERS P,SEELY M K.Precipitation and Biomass Changes in the Namib Desert Dune Ecosystem[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1996,33(3):267-280.
[22] 龙朝波,张朝晖.喀斯特石漠化山区苔藓植物水分吸收特征[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):350-354.[LONG Chao-bo,ZHANG Zhao-hui.Water Absorption Characteristics of Bryophytes in Karst Rocky Desertification Area[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,35(2):350-354]
[23] SANTARIUS K A.Apoplasmic Water Fractions and Osmotic Potentials at Full Turgidity of Some Bryidae[J].Planta,1994,193(1):32-37.
[24] 高谦.中国苔藓志(第9卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:113-231.[GAO Qian.Flora Bryophytarum Sinicorum(Vol. 9)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:113-231.]
[25] 胡人亮,王幼芳.中国苔藓志(第7卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:82-186.[HU Ren-liang,WANG You-fang.Flora Bryophytarum Sinicorum(Vol. 7)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:82-186.
[26] RICHARDSON D H S.The Biology of Mosses[M].New York,USA:Halsted Press,1981:72-73.
[27] 吴玉环,程国栋,高谦.苔藓植物的生态功能及在植物恢复与重建中的作用[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(3):215-220.[WU Yu-huan,CHENG Guo-dong,GAO Qian.Bryophyte's Ecology Functions and Its Significances in Revegetation[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,23(3):215-220.]
[28] 张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.干旱与半干旱地区苔藓植物生态学研究综述[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1129-1134.[ZHANG Yuan-ming,CAO Tong,PAN Bo-rong.A Review on the Studies of Bryophyte Ecology in Arid and Semiarid Areas[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(7):1129-1134.]