石家庄市冬季PM2.5污染特征、成因及潜在源区分析

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.11.003

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 975-982.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.11.003

石家庄市冬季PM_2.5污染特征、成因及潜在源区分析

陈飞^1,2, 张小华¹, 于洪霞³, 张慧^1,2, 高吉喜^1,2

1. 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042;
2. 南京信息工程大学江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210044;
3. 南京理工大学环境与生物工程学院, 江苏南京 210094

收稿日期:2017-03-31 出版日期:2017-11-25 发布日期:2017-11-24
通讯作者: 于洪霞,E-mail:yuhongxia@njust.edu.cn;高吉喜,E-mail:gjx@nies.org E-mail:yuhongxia@njust.edu.cn;gjx@nies.org
作者简介:陈飞(1985-),男,江苏无锡人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事大气污染控制和来源分析。E-mail:chenfei@nies.org
基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金（BK20160102，BK20150778）；环保公益性行业科研专项（201509020）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（20160501，20160302）

Characteristics, Causes and Potential Source Regions of PM₂₅ Pollution in Winter in Shijiazhuang, China

CHEN Fei^1,2, ZHANG Xiao-hua¹, YU Hong-xia³, ZHANG Hui^1,2, GAO Ji-xi^1,2

1. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China;
2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET), Nanjing 210044, China;
3. School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

Received:2017-03-31 Online:2017-11-25 Published:2017-11-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对石家庄市2016年1月18-22日出现的PM_2.5污染过程进行研究，选择3个不同地区采用中流量采样器分别采集PM_2.5和PM₁₀样品，测定PM_2.5质量浓度及其化学组分（含碳组分、水溶性离子和无机元素），分析PM_2.5污染天气的污染特征和引起污染的气象因素，结合后向轨迹模型（HYSPLIT）分析污染的主要潜在源区。结果显示，在采样期间3个点的PM_2.5平均质量浓度分别为113、131和119 μg·m^-3，PM_2.5浓度高值出现在早晨和午夜，冬季京津冀地区农村散煤燃烧也是大气污染的主要原因。有机碳（OC）最大质量浓度值为218.37 μg·m^-3，无机碳（EC）最大质量浓度值为21.22 μg·m^-3。污染过程中3个点的地壳元素（Na、Ca、Mg、Al、K和Fe）质量浓度变化范围为27.19~60.03 μg·m^-3，占总无机元素的96.5%，表明交通源、道路扬尘和煤炭燃烧是此次石家庄市PM_2.5污染的主要贡献源类。较高的相对湿度和弱风速也会加速二次粒子的生成和颗粒物吸湿增长。潜在源分析表明，石家庄市PM_2.5污染主要受来源于北京和天津的气团影响，同时潜在源贡献（PSCF）分析表明河北省是影响石家庄市环境空气质量的最主要潜在源区。

关键词: 细颗粒物, 后向轨迹模型, 潜在源分析, 石家庄市

Abstract:

Study was carried out of the pollution of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ occurring during the period from January 18 to 22, 2016 in Shijiazhuang, China. For the study, 3 monitoring posts were set up to collect PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ samples for analysis of mass concentration and chemical compositions (including carbon fractions, water soluble ions and inorganic elements), pollution characteristics and meteorological factors responsible for the pollution and further for air parcel back trajectories using HYSPLIT. Results show that mean mass concentration of PM_2.5 with the three monitoring posts reached 113, 131 and 119 μg·m^-3, separately, during the sampling period, with high mass concentrations observed in the early mornings and at noons, and coal combustion in rural farm households was also a main cause of heavy air pollution in the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The highest mass concentration of organic carbon (OC) observed was 218.37 μg·m^-3, and the highest mass concentration of inorganic carbon (IC) 21.22 μg·m^-3. Total concentrations of crustal elements (Na, Ca, Mg, Al, K and Fe) varied in the range from 27.19 to 60.03 μg·m^-3 at the three posts during the period, accounting for 96.5% of the total inorganic elements, which indicate that traffic, road dust and coal combustion are the main sources of the air pollution. Meanwhile, high relative humidity and low wind speed might also accelerate formation of secondary particles and hygroscopic growth. The analysis of potential sources shows that Shijiazhuang was affected mainly by the PM_2.5 coming with the air masses from Beijing-Tianjin, meanwhile the analysis of potential source contribution function (PSCF) shows that Hebei Province was the uppermost potential source-area contributing adversely to the atmospheric quality in Shijiazhuang.

Key words: PM_2.5, backward trajectory model, potential source contribution function (PSCF), Shijiazhuang City

中图分类号:

X513

陈飞, 张小华, 于洪霞, 张慧, 高吉喜. 石家庄市冬季PM_2.5污染特征、成因及潜在源区分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(11): 975-982.

CHEN Fei, ZHANG Xiao-hua, YU Hong-xia, ZHANG Hui, GAO Ji-xi. Characteristics, Causes and Potential Source Regions of PM₂₅ Pollution in Winter in Shijiazhuang, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(11): 975-982.

参考文献

[1] 中华人民共和国环境保护部.2014年中国环境质量公报[N].2015.[Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.2014 Report on the State of the Environment in China[N].2015.]
[2] YANG Y,CHRISTAKOS G.Spatiotemporal Characterization of Ambient PM_2.5 Concentrations in Shandong Province (China)[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(22):13431-13438.
[3] YAO L,YANG L X,YUAN Q,et al.Sources Apportionment of PM_2.5 in a Background Site in the North China Plain[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,541:590-598.
[4] 吴兑,刘啟汉,梁延刚,等.粤港细粒子(PM_2.5)污染导致能见度下降与灰霾天气形成的研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2660-2669.[WU Dui,ALEXIS Kai-Hon Lau,LEUNG Yin-kong,et al.Hazy Weather Formation and Visibility Deterioration Resulted From Fine Particulate (PM_2.5) Pollutions in Guangdong and Hong Kong[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(11):2660-2669.]
[5] CHEN Y,SCHLEICHER N,CHEN Y Z,et al.The Influence of Governmental Mitigation Measures on Contamination Characteristics of PM_2.5 in Beijing[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,490:647-658.
[6] RD P C,BURNETT R T,THUN M J,et al.Lung Cancer,Cardiopulmonary Mortality,and Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution[J].JAMA,2002,287(9):1132-1141.
[7] JOHANNA L,FRANCINE L,DOUGLAS D,et al.Chronic Exposure to Fine Particles and Mortality:An Extended Follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities Study From 1974 to 2009[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2012,120(7):965-970.
[8] ZIKOVA N,WANG Y G,YANG F,et al.On the Source Contribution to Beijing PM_2.5 Concentrations[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,134:84-95.
[9] 陈刚,刘佳媛,皇甫延琦,等.合肥城区PM₁₀及PM_2.5季节污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):1938-1946.[CHEN Gang,LIU Jia-yuan,HUANGFU Yan-qi,et al.Seasonal Variations and Source Apportionment of Ambient PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 at Urban Area of Hefei,China[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):1938-1946.]
[10] MASIOL M,HOPKE P K,FELTON H D,et al.Source Apportionment of PM_2.5 Chemically Speciated Mass and Particle Number Concentrations in New York City[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,148:215-229.
[11] 张勇,银燕,肖辉,等.石家庄春季大气气溶胶的散射特征[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):769-779.[ZHANG Yong,YIN Yan,XIAO Hui,et al.An Observation Study of the Scattering Properties of Aerosols Over Shijiazhuang City in Spring[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(5):769-779.]
[12] 杨丽丽,冯媛,靳伟,等.石家庄市大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子污染特征研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2014,26(6):17-21.[YANG Li-li,FENG Yuan,JIN Wei,et al.Pollution Characteristic of Water Soluble Inorganic Ion in Atmospheric Particles in Shijiazhuang[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2014,26(6):17-21.]
[13] WANG L T,WEI Z,WEI W,et al.Source Apportionment of PM_2.5 in Top Polluted Cities in Hebei,China Using the CMAQ Model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,122:723-736.
[14] 李梦,唐贵谦,黄俊,等.京津冀冬季大气混合车高度与大气污染的关系[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):1935-1943.[LI Meng,TANG Gui-qian,HUANG Jun,et al.Characteristics of Winter Atmospheric Mixing Layer Height in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and Their Telationship With the Atmospheric Pollution[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(6):1935-1943.]
[15] 王浩,李铁,高健,等.APEC会议期间石家庄市大气污染特征及空气质量保障措施效果评估[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(2):164-174.[WANG Hao,LI Yi,GAO Jian,et al.Characteristics of Air Pollution and Evaluation of the Effects of Air Quality Assurance Measures in Shijiazhuang City During the 2014 APEC Meeting[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(2):164-174.]
[16] CAO J J,LEE S C,CHOW J C,et al.Spatial and Seasonal Distributions of Carbonaceous Aerosols Over China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2007,112(D22):1-9.
[17] LI X R,WANG L L,JI D S,et al.Characterization of the Size-Segregated Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in the Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration:Spatial/Temporal Variability,Size Distribution and Sources[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,77:250-259.
[18] DRAXLE R R,HESS G D.An Over View of HYSPLIY-4 Modeling System for Trajectories Dispersion,and Deposition[J].Australian Meteorological Magazine,1998,47(2):295-308.
[19] CHEN F,ZHANG X,ZHU X,et al.Chemical Characteristics of PM_2.5 During a 2016 Winter Haze Episode in Shijiazhuang,China[J].Aerosol & Air Quality Research,2017,17(2):368-380.
[20] TAN J H,DUAN J C,CHAI F H,et al.Source Apportionment of Size Segregated Fine/Ultrafine Particle by PMF in Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Research,2014,139(6):90-100.
[21] ZHANG Y,HUANG W,CAI T Q,et al.Concentrations and Chemical Compositions of Fine Particles (PM_2.5) During Haze and Non-Haze Days in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Research,2016,174/175:62-69.
[22] LIU Y,GIBSON E R,CAIN J P,et al.Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reaction of CaCO₃ Particles With Gaseous HNO₃ Over a Wide Range of Humidity[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2008,112(7):1561-1571.
[23] HUA Y,CHENG Z,WANG S X,et al.Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM_2.5 During a Fall Heavy Haze Episode in the Yangtze River Delta of China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,123(Part B):380-391.

石家庄市冬季PM_2.5污染特征、成因及潜在源区分析

Characteristics, Causes and Potential Source Regions of PM₂₅ Pollution in Winter in Shijiazhuang, China

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

石家庄市冬季PM2.5污染特征、成因及潜在源区分析

Characteristics, Causes and Potential Source Regions of PM25 Pollution in Winter in Shijiazhuang, China

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

石家庄市冬季PM_2.5污染特征、成因及潜在源区分析

Characteristics, Causes and Potential Source Regions of PM₂₅ Pollution in Winter in Shijiazhuang, China