雅鲁藏布江中游河谷黑颈鹤生境适宜性及其保护状况动态变化

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对雅鲁藏布江中游河谷黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区黑颈鹤生境适宜性的制约因素及其面临的主要威胁，利用生境适宜性指数、保护比例和保护效率指数等对雅鲁藏布江中游河谷黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区日喀则片区黑颈鹤生境适宜性及保护现况进行评价并分析其变化。结果表明，1994、2005和2015年黑颈鹤适宜生境与次适宜生境面积总和占比依次为31.05%、32.00%和41.00%，黑颈鹤可生存空间逐渐增长；对比1994和2015年保护比例和保护效率指数发现，适宜觅食生境和夜栖生境分布趋向核心区和缓冲区，次适宜觅食生境同样向核心区移动，保护区规划对适宜觅食生境和夜栖生境保护的合理性降低，对次适宜觅食生境的合理性升高，从外延区对各生境的保护比例来看，保护区周边仍存在大量黑颈鹤可利用生境没有纳入保护范围。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布江, 黑颈鹤, 越冬地, 生境评价, 保护状况

Abstract:

Aiming at the restraining factors of and the main threats to suitability of the black-necked crane habitats in the Black-necked Cranes National Nature Reserve in the valley of the mid-stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River, based on the indices, such as habitat suitability, conservation ratio, conservation efficiency and so on, suitability and conservation status of the black-necked crane habitats at their third stage in Shigatse, the Black-necked Cranes National Nature Reserve in the valley of the midstream of the Yarlung Zangbo River was analyzed and evaluated. Results show that the sum in area of the habitats suitable and near-suitable to black-necked cranes accounted for 31.05%, 32.00% and 41.00% of the total of the reserve, respectively, in 1994, 2005 and 2015, indicating that their living space was increasing steadily. The comparison between 1994 and 2015 in conversation ratio and conservation efficiency shows that the distribution of habitats suitable for foraging and night-roosting tended to get flocked towards the core area and so did the habitats near-suitable for foraging. Moreover, the programming of the reserve for conservation of habitats suitable for foraging and night-roosting decreased in rationality, while that for conservation of habitats near-suitable to foraging increased. In view of the ratios of various habitats under protection in the epitaxial areas, there seem to be vast tracts of habitats available to black-necked cranes, which, however, have not yet been included in the scope for protection.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo River, black-necked crane, wintering ground, habitat evaluation, conservation status

中图分类号:

Q149

闫瑞强, 沈渭寿, 赵卫, 欧阳琰. 雅鲁藏布江中游河谷黑颈鹤生境适宜性及其保护状况动态变化[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(2): 146-152.

YAN Rui-qiang, SHEN Wei-shou, ZHAO Wei, OUYANG Yan. Dynamics of Suitability and Conservation of the Black-Necked Crane Habitats in the Midstream of the Yarlung Zangbo River[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(2): 146-152.

参考文献

[1] 王芸,赵鹏祥.青木川自然保护区大熊猫生境评价[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):206-212.[WANG Yun,ZHAO Peng-xiang.Habitat Assessment of Giant Panda in Qingmuchuan Nature Reserve,Shaanxi Province of Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(1):206-212.]
[2] 刘振生,高惠,滕丽微,等.基于MAXENT模型的贺兰山岩羊生境适宜性评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7243-7249.[LIU Zhen-sheng,GAO Hui,TENG Li-wei,et al.Habitat Suitability Assessment of Blue Sheep in Helan Mountain Based on MAXENT Modeling[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(22):7243-7249.]
[3] 齐增湘,徐卫华,熊兴耀,等.基于MAXENT模型的秦岭山系黑熊潜在生境评价[J].生物多样性,2011,19(3):343-352.[QI Zeng-xiang,XU Wei-hua,XIONG Xing-yao,et al.Assessment of Potential Habitat for Ursus Thibetanus in the Qinling Mountains[J].Biodiversity Science,2011,19(3):343-352.]
[4] 李佳,李言阔,缪泸君,等.江西桃红岭国家级自然保护区梅花鹿生境适宜性评价[J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1274-1283.[LI jia,LI Yan-kuo,MIAO Lu-jun,et al.Habitat Assessment of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) in the Taohongling National Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(5):1274-1283.]
[5] 张佰莲,刘群秀,宋国贤.崇明东滩越冬白头鹤生境适宜性评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):85-87.[ZHANG Bai-lian,LIU Qun-xiu,SONG Guo-xian.Habitat Suitability Assessment for Wintering Hooded Cranes in Dongtan,Chongming Island[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2010,38(7):85-87.]
[6] 孙贤斌,刘红玉.江苏盐城海滨区域丹顶鹤适宜越冬生境变化[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(4):694-699.[SUN Xian-bin,LIU Hong-yu.Temporal Changes of Grus japonensis Suitable Wintering Habitat in Coastal Zone of Yancheng,Jiangsu[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(4):694-699.]
[7] 刘东云,王琦,杜林芳,等.1999-2007年天津湿地景观格局及水鸟生境变化[J].湿地科学,2012,10(3):350-358.[LIU Dong-yun,WANG Qi,DU Lin-fang,et al.Changes of Wetland Landscape Pattern and Water Birds' Habitat in Tianjin During 1999-2007[J].Wetland Science,2012,10(3):350-358.]
[8] 吴未,张敏,许丽萍,等.土地利用变化对生境网络的影响:以苏锡常地区白鹭为例[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4897-4906.[WU Wei,ZHANG Min,XU Li-ping,et al.The Impact of Land Use Change on Habitat Eetwork:A Case Study of Egretta Garzetta in Su-Xi-Chang Area[J].Acta Ecologica sinica,2015,35(14):4897-4906.]
[9] MORRISON M L,MARCOT B G,MANNAN R W.Wildlife-Habitat Relationships:Concepts and Applications[Z].Madison:University of Wiscons in Press,1998.
[10] KAMINSKI D J,COMER C E,GARNER N P,et al.Using GIS-Based,Regional Extent Habitat Suitability Modeling to Identify Conservation Priority Areas:A Case Study of the Louisiana Black Bear in East Texas[J].The Journal Wildlife Management,2013,77(8):1639-1649.
[11] 王志强,陈志超,郝成元.基于HSI模型的扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤繁殖生境适宜性评价[J].湿地科学,2009,7(3):197-201.[WANG Zhi-qiang,CHEN Zhi-chao,HAO Cheng-yuan.Breeding Habitat Suitability Evaluation of Red-Crown Crane in Zhalong National Nature Reserve by the Method of Habitat Suitability Index[J].Wetland Science,2009,7(3):197-201.]
[12] 赵志轩,严登华,翁白莎,等.白洋淀流域大鸨越冬栖息地的适宜性评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1907-1913.[ZHAO Zhi-xuan,YAN Deng-hua,WENG Bai-sha,et al.Suitability Evaluation of Great Bustard(Otis tarda)'s Wintering Habitat in Baiyangdian River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(7):1907-1913.]
[13] 诸葛海锦,李晓文,张翔,等.青藏高原高寒荒漠区藏羚适宜生境识别及其保护状况评估[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(12):3483-3490.[ZHUGE Hai-jin,LI Xiao-wen,ZHANG Xiang,et al.Identification and Conservation Assessment of Suitable Habitats for Tibetan Antelope in the Alpine Desert,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(12):3483-3490.]
[14] 朱丽娟,刘红玉.挠力河流域丹顶鹤繁殖期生境景观连接度分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2008,24(2):12-16,83.[ZHU Li-juan,LIU Hong-yu.Landscape Connectivity of Red-Crowned Crane Habitai During the Breeding Season in Naoli River Basin[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2008,24(2):12-16,83.]
[15] 郑光美,王岐山.中国濒危动物红皮书:鸟类[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:199-200.[ZHEN Guang-mei,WANG Qi-shan.China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals Aves[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998:199-200.]
[16] UNEP-WCMC.Checklist of Birds Listed in the CITES Appendices and in EC Regulation No.338/97[M].8th ed.Peterborough:Joint Nature Conservation Committee,2005:78.
[17] 国家林业局中南林业调查规划设计院.西藏雅鲁藏布江中游河谷黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区综合科学考察报告[R].[出版地不详]:[出版者不详],2008.National Forestry Bureau Central South Forestry Survey Planning Design Institute.Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Report of the National Nature Reserve of Black Necked Crane in Tibet Brahmaputra River Valley[R].[s. l.]:[s. n.],2008.
[18] 李凤山,马建章.越冬期黑颈鹤个体行为生态的研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(2):293-298.[LI Feng-shan,MA Jian-zhang.Behavioral Ecology of Black-Necked Crane During Winter at Caohai,Guizhou,China[J].Acta Ecologica sinica,2000,20(2):293-298.]
[19] 何晓瑞,吴金亮.滇东北黑颈鹤越冬食性的研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2000,22(6):460-464.[HE Xiao-rui,WU Jin-liang.A Studies on Winter Diet of Black-Necked Cranes(Grus nigricollis Przevalsi) at Northeast of Yunnan,China[J].Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences),2000,22(6):460-464.]
[20] 邝粉良,仓决卓玛,李建川,等.藏北繁殖黑颈鹤的巢址特征及觅食地选择[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(11):89-92.[KUANG Fen-liang,CANGJUE Zhuo-ma,LI Jian-chuan,et al.Nest Site Characteristics and Foraging Habitat Selection of Breeding Black-Necked Cranes in Bange,Tibet Autonomous Region,China[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2010,38(11):89-92.]
[21] 贺鹏,孔德军,刘强,等.云南纳帕海越冬黑颈鹤夜栖地特征[J].动物学研究,2011,32(2):150-156.[HE Peng,KONG De-jun,LIU Qiang,et al.Roosting-Site Characteristics of Wintering Black-Necked Cranes(Grus nigricollis) at Napahai,Yunnan[J].Zoological Research,2011,32(2):150-156.]
[22] 李文娟,张昆巽,吴兆录,等.云南会泽自然保护区黑颈鹤可利用食物研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(6):644-648.[LI Wen-juan,ZHANG Kun-xun,WU Zhao-lu,et al.A Study on the Available Food for the Wintering Black-Necked Crane(Grus nigricollis) in Huize Nature Reserve,Yunnan[J].Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences),2009,31(6):644-648.]
[23] 李凤山.贵州草海越冬黑颈鹤觅食栖息地选择的初步研究[J].生物多样性,1999,7(4):257-262.[LI Feng-shan.Foraging Habitat Selection of Wintering Black-Necked Cranes in Caohai,Guizhou,China[J].Chinese Biodiversity,1999,7(4):257-262.]
[24] 刘宁,邝粉良,夏峰,等.大山包自然保护区越冬黑颈鹤对觅食地选择的初步研究[J].西部林业科学,2006,35(4):25-32.[LIU Ning,KUANG Fen-liang,XIA Feng,et al.A Primary Study on Feeding Habitat Use of Black-Necked Crane During Winter[J].Journal of West China Foresty Science,2006,35(4):25-32.]
[25] 仓决卓玛,杨乐,李建川.西藏黑颈鹤越冬期昼间行为的时间分配[J].野生动物,2008,29(1):15-20.[CANGJUE Zhuo-ma,YANG Le,LI Jian-chuan.Time Budget in Daytime of Black-Necked Cranes in Wintering Period in Tibet[J].Wildlife,2008,29(1):15-20.]
[26] 王志强,陈志超,刘春国,等,湿地生态评价及数字化集成方法:以扎龙水禽栖息地为例[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2008:14-15.[WANG Zhi-qiang,CHEN Zhi-chao,LIU Chun-guo,et al.Wetland Ecological Evaluation and Digital Integration Method[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Press,2008:14-15.]