黔西北土壤-植被系统元素地球化学特征及其生态关系

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.10.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在黔西北不同地区采集地带性和非地带性植物样品和对应的土壤样品，分析了元素在土壤和植物中的含量。结果表明：黔西北自然状态下土壤N、P、K含量低，Ca、Mg元素空间变异较大，微量元素含量大多小于贵州土壤背景值，Co具有明显富集特征，As为区内高背景值元素，Cd污染较严重；盐肤木、鸢尾和马尾松等具有较强的Cd吸收能力，且鸢尾能同时较好地吸收Cd和As；同种植物在不同成土母岩区的元素生物吸收系数差异较大，同种植物在碳酸盐岩区的生物吸收系数要大于碎屑岩区，吸收系数主要受土壤pH和共吸附作用的共同影响。此外，Co和Cd、Cu和Zn的生物吸收系数存在显著相关性，土壤P可能会抑制植物对Cu和Pb的吸收。

关键词: 岩溶, 土壤, 生态系统, 地球化学

Abstract:

Zonal and non-zonal vegetation and its related soil samples were collected in Northwest Guizhou Province for analyzing the geochemical characteristics of the elements in soil-Plant system. Results show that low N,P and K concentrations were found in natural soils in study area. Soil Ca and Mg concentrations varied spatially and most trace elements contents were higher than the background values of the country but lower than that of other parts of Guizhou Province. Co was enriched in soils and As had a high background value but not tainted value in the study area where soil was seriously polluted by Cd. Biological absorption coefficients (BAC) indicate that plants had different elements absorption capacity which was mainly controlled by their physiology. Besides, biological absorption coefficients of essential macronutrient had an order of magnitude larger than that of trace elements. Considering to different plants, Pinus massoniana, Rhus chinensis and Iris tectorum maxim had strong abilities to translocate Cd from the root to the epigeal part. Iris tectorum maxim could absorb Cd and As effectively which could be used as a superior plant in the Cd-As combined pollution sites. BAC varied greatly because of different bedrock. BAC level in carbonate area was higher than that in clastic rock area, and the difference was mainly controlled by pH and co-adsorption effect. Furthermore,significant correlation of BAC could be noticed between Co and Cd, and Cu and Zn. Soil P may restrain the adsorption of Cu and Pb by the plants.

Key words: Karst, soil, ecosystem, geochemistry

中图分类号:

洪涛, 谢运球, 覃星铭, 孔祥胜, 欧梦梦, 喻崎雯. 黔西北土壤-植被系统元素地球化学特征及其生态关系[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(10): 890-896.

HONG Tao, XIE Yun-qiu, QIN Xing-ming, KONG Xiang-sheng, OU Meng-meng, YU Qi-wen. Geochemical Characteristics and Ecological Interaction of Earth Elements in the Soil-Plant System in Northwest Guizhou Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(10): 890-896.

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