长江流域森林植被碳储量分布特征及动态变化

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.11.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

准确评估区域尺度下森林生态系统固碳能力和趋势，对实现森林可持续经营和固碳增汇具有重要意义。基于全国第四次（1989-1993年）、第五次（1994-1998年）、第六次（1999-2003年）和第七次（2004-2008年）4次全国森林资源清查数据，结合生物量估算模型和植被含碳系数，研究长江流域森林植被碳储量、碳密度分布特征及动态变化。结果表明，1989-2008年长江流域森林植被碳储量由1 345.30 Tg增加到1 924.98 Tg，年均增长率为2.15%，比全国年均增长率高0.29百分点，表明该流域森林植被碳汇功能不断增强。长江流域森林植被平均碳密度分别为42.25、40.34、41.00和41.42 Mg·hm^-2。从森林龄组来看，长江流域森林植被碳储量主要集中于幼、中龄林和近熟林，这3者对林分碳汇的贡献超过85%，且幼、中龄林和近熟林碳密度远低于成熟林和过熟林，表明流域森林植被碳汇潜力巨大。从森林起源来看，流域内森林植被碳储量主要分布于天然林，占同期森林植被碳储量的78%以上，但人工林碳储能力不断提高，人工林碳储量占同期森林植被碳储量的比例也呈增加趋势，且碳密度明显低于天然林，表明人工林将在该流域森林植被碳汇功能中扮演重要角色。长江中上游是流域内森林植被碳储量主要贡献区，占全流域森林植被碳储量的96%以上。

关键词: 森林植被, 碳储量, 碳密度, 森林清查数据, 长江流域

Abstract:

It is important to accurately assess carbon sequestration ability and trends in forest ecosystems to achieve sustainable forest carbon sinks. Based on forest inventory data of four times in China, the carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation in Yangtze River Basin were assessed by means of the regression equation between vegetational biomass and volume, and with the carbon fraction of dry matter. The results show that the carbon storage of forest vegetation increased from 1 345.30 Tg to 1 924.98 Tg during the period of 1989-2008 in Yangtze River Basin, with an average annual growth rate of 2.15%, which was 0.29 percentage point more than that of the mean increment of China, implying that the potential of carbon sink of forest in Yangtze River Basin was increasing. Correspondingly the average carbon density of forest vegetation was 42.25, 40.34, 41.00 and 41.42 Mg·hm^-2, respectively. The carbon storage of forest vegetation mainly concentrated in young, middle-aged and near-mature forests, and the contribution of them to the carbon stock of the stands exceeded 85%, indicating that the carbon sequestration potential of forest vegetation was large. Carbon storage of forest vegetation was mainly distributed in natural forests, accounting for more than 78% of the total carbon storage in the same period. However, the carbon storage capacity of plantations was gradually increasing. The proportion of carbon storage in plantations to the forest carbon storage in the same period showed an increasing trend, and the carbon density of plantations was obviously smaller than that of natural forest, indicating that plantations would play an important role in sequestrating carbon by forest vegetation. The middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River were the major contributors to the carbon storage of forest vegetation in the basin, accounting for more than 96% of the carbon storage of forest vegetation in the whole basin. Furthermore, the results also show that forest vegetation in Yangtze River Basin played an important role in the national forest carbon storage and enhancement of the national forest carbon sequestration function.

Key words: forest vegetation, carbon storage, carbon density, forest inventory data, Yangtze River Basin

中图分类号:

S719
Q948

贾松伟. 长江流域森林植被碳储量分布特征及动态变化[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(11): 997-1002.

JIA Song-wei. Carbon Storage Distribution and Its Dynamic Changes of Forest Vegetation in Yangtze River Basin Based on Continuous Forest Resources Inventory[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(11): 997-1002.

参考文献

[1] CIAIS P,TANS P P,TROLIER M,et al.A Large Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial CO₂ Sink Indicated by the ¹³C/¹²C Ratio of Atmospheric CO₂[J].Science,1995,269(5227):1098-1102.
[2] PIAO S L,FANG J Y,CIAIS P,et al.The Carbon Balance of Terrestrial Ecosystems in China[J].Nature,2009,458(7241):1009-1013.
[3] 刘兆丹,李斌,方晰,等.湖南省森林植被碳储量、碳密度动态特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(21):6897-6908.[LIU Zhao-dan,LI Bin,FANG Xi,et al.Dynamic Characteristics of Forest Carbon Storage and Carbon Density in the Hunan Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(21):6897-6908.]
[4] MCKINLEY D C M,RYAN M G,BIRDSEY R A,et al.A Synthesis of Current Knowledge on Forests and Carbon Storage in the United States[J].Ecological Applications,2011,21(6):1902-1924.
[5] FANG J Y,GUO Z D,HU H F,et al.Forest Biomass Carbon Sinks in East Asia,With Special Reference to the Relative Contributions of Forest Expansion and Forest Growth[J].Global Change Biology,2014,20(6):2019-2030.
[6] LAL R.Forest Soils and Carbon Sequestration[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,220(1/2/3):242-258.
[7] 贾松伟.河南省乔木林碳储量动态变化及其碳汇经济价值估算[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(5):149-153.[JIA Song-wei.Dynamic Changes of Carbon Storage and Estimation of Carbon Sink Economic Value of High-Forest in Henan Province[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2014,43(5):149-153.]
[8] 李海奎,雷渊才,曾伟生.基于森林清查资料的中国森林植被碳储量[J].林业科学,2011,47(7):7-12.[LI Hai-kui,LEI Yuan-cai,ZENG Wei-sheng.Forest Carbon Storage in China Estimated Using Forestry Inventory Data[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(7):7-12.]
[9] FANG J Y,CHEN A P,PENG C H,et al.Changes in Forest Biomass Carbon Storage in China Between 1949 and 1998[J].Science,2001,292(5525):2320-2323.
[10] 方精云,陈安平,赵淑清,等.中国森林生物量的估算:对Fang等Science一文(Science,2001,291:2320-2322)的若干说明[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(2):243-249.[FANG Jing-yun,CHEN An-ping,ZHAO Shu-qing,et al.Estimating Biomass Carbon of China's Forests:Supplementary Notes on Report Published in Science (291:2320-2322) By Fang et al.(2001)[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2002,26(2):243-249.]
[11] 郭焱,周旺明,于大炮,等.长江上游天然林资源保护工程区森林植被碳储量研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(增刊1):221-228.[GUO Yan,ZHOU Wang-ming,YU Da-pao,et al.Research on Forest Vegetation Carbon Storage Under the National Natural Forest Protection Project in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(Suppl. 1):221-228.]
[12] LAMLOM S H,SAVIDGE R A.A Reassessment of Carbon Content in Wood:Variation Within and Between 41 North American Species[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2003,25(4):381-388.
[13] 倪健,陈仲新,董鸣,等.中国生物多样性的生态地理区划[J].植物学报,1998,40(4):370-382.[NI Jian,CHEN Zhong-xin,DONG Ming,et al.An Ecogeographical Regionalization for Biodiversity in China[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1998,40(4):370-382.]
[14] 程建,程久苗,吴九兴,等.2000-2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(6):894-901.[CHENG Jian,CHENG Jiu-miao,WU Jiu-xing,et al.Changes of Land Use and Ecosystem Service Functions in Yangtze River Basin From 2000 to 2010[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(6):894-901.]
[15] 马钦彦,谢征鸣.中国油松林储碳量基本估计[J].北京林业大学学报,1996,18(3):31-34.[MA Qin-yan,XIE Zheng-ming.Estimation of the Carbon Stored in Chinese Pine Forests[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,1996,18(3):31-34.]
[16] 李海奎,雷渊才.中国森林植被生物量和碳储量评估[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010:30-31.
[17] 张颖,周雪,覃庆锋,等.中国森林碳汇价值核算研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(6):124-131.[ZHANG Ying,ZHOU Xue,QIN Qing-feng,et al.Value Accounting of Forest Carbon Sinks in China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2013,35(6):124-131.]
[18] 冯瑞芳,杨万勤,张健.人工林经营与全球变化减缓[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3870-3877.[FENG Rui-fang,YANG Wan-qin,ZHANG Jian.Artificial Forest Management for Global Change Mitigation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(11):3870-3877.]
[19] 国家林业局.森林资源专项分析:第七次全国森林资源清查[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010:122.[State Forestry Administration.Thematic Analysis on Forest Resources:The Seventh National Forest Inventory[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2010:122.]