我国设施农田土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

收集了1997年以来我国设施农田土壤重金属研究文献的数据并对其进行统计分析，评价我国设施农田土壤重金属污染现状及空间分布。结果表明我国设施农田土壤重金属含量呈现一定的空间分布规律，南部地区土壤Cd、Pb和Hg含量最高，北部地区土壤As、Cu、Zn和Cr含量最高，西北部地区土壤Ni含量最高。与HJ/T 333-2006《温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准》相比，设施农田土壤Cd含量超标最严重，其在南部、北部和西北部地区的超标率分别为41.7%、54.5%和11.1%；其次是Pb，在3大区域的超标率分别为33.3%、18.2%和0。地累积指数评价结果显示我国设施农田土壤Cd污染最严重，其次为Hg污染。另外，随种植年限的延长，设施农田土壤重金属累积明显，且土壤重金属的累积量随土层加深呈下降趋势。就重金属的来源而言，我国设施农田土壤重金属来源以肥料，尤其是畜禽粪便有机肥为主。

关键词: 设施农田, 土壤, 重金属, 污染评价

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the contamination level and explore the spatial distribution pattern of heavy metals in greenhouse soils of China, the peer literatures on heavy metals in greenhouse soils since 1997 were systematically reviewed and the data analyzed. The results indicate that the heavy metals in greenhouse soils of China generally showed a spatial distribution pattern. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Hg in greenhouse soils are higher in the south, the concentrations of As, Cu, Zn and Cr are higher in the north, while the value for Ni is the highest in the northwest. Moreover, 41.7%, 54.5% and 11.1% of soil sample sites from the south, north and northwest, respectively, showed higher Cd concentration than the standard value for farmland of greenhouse vegetables production; while for Pb concentration, 33.3%, 18.2% and 0 of the soil sample sites in the three regions respectively, exceeded standard value. The geo-accumulation index shows that for the greenhouse soils in China, Cd pollution is the most serious, followed by Hg pollution. In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals accumulated in greenhouse soils in China increase accordingly with planting years, and the heavy metals concentrations decrease with the soil layer. The main source of heavy metals in greenhouse soils is fertilizer, especially manure.

Key words: greenhouse farmland, soil, heavy metal, contamination assessment

中图分类号:

X825

孟敏, 杨林生, 韦炳干, 李海蓉, 虞江萍. 我国设施农田土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(11): 1019-1026.

MENG Min, YANG Lin-sheng, WEI Bing-gan, LI Hai-rong, YU Jiang-ping. Contamination Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Greenhouse Soils in China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(11): 1019-1026.

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