基于村民记忆的乡村农耕景观变迁研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0265

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 115-120.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0265

基于村民记忆的乡村农耕景观变迁研究

王晓军¹, 田晋嘉¹, 张晓彤^2,3,4, 宇林军⁵, 段进明⁴

1. 山西大学环境与资源学院, 山西太原 030006;
2. 天津大学建筑学院, 天津 300072;
3. 国家住宅与居住环境工程技术研究中心, 北京 100044;
4. 北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院, 北京 100044;
5. 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所, 北京 100094

收稿日期:2018-05-16 出版日期:2019-01-25 发布日期:2019-01-22
通讯作者: 王晓军 E-mail:xjwang@sxu.edu.cn
作者简介:王晓军(1968-),男,山西绛县人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为自然资源管理与参与式乡村景观评价。E-mail:xjwang@sxu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41401208）；中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所所长青年基金（Y5SJ1100CX）

Research on Changes of Rural Farming Landscape Based on Villagers' Memories

WANG Xiao-jun¹, TIAN Jin-jia¹, ZHANG Xiao-tong^2,3,4, YU Lin-jun⁵, DUAN Jin-ming⁴

1. College of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
2. School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
3. National Engineering Research Center for Housing and Residential Environment, Beijing 100044, China;
4. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;
5. Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2018-05-16 Online:2019-01-25 Published:2019-01-22
Contact: 35 E-mail:xjwang@sxu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近70 a来中国工业化和市场化发展对乡村的影响越来越大，传统农耕受到前所未有的冲击，农耕景观发生了快速变迁。以贵州省对门山村为例，采用参与式农村评估方法（participatory rural appraisal，PRA）和乡邑人居-参与式村镇空间设计电子沙盘技术（三维电子沙盘），充分挖掘当地村民记忆中的农耕景观信息，还原1949年以来对门山村农耕景观，并对此加以分析。结果表明，60多年来，工业化的农业生产要素不断入侵该村的传统农耕，至今，传统农耕景观迅速被现代农业景观所取代。由种植水稻形成的水田景观逐渐被由种植经济价值较高的作物形成的旱地景观所取代；经济价值较高的作物，如烟草和薏米，不断挤占粮食作物种植空间，导致由全部种植粮食作物转变为主要种植经济价值较高的作物；粮食作物种子由传统农民自留种逐渐转变为杂交种，传统自留种几近消失。工业化的农业生产方式不断取代传统可持续的农耕方式，导致农耕景观发生变迁，也对环境、资源、生态和粮食安全等产生了负面影响。因此，我们应充分认识到传统农耕的价值，探索可持续的生态农业发展方式。

关键词: 传统农耕景观, 村民记忆, 三维电子沙盘, 可持续农业

Abstract:

The transformation of rural China by the adoption of western agricultural farming practices has radically altered rural ecosystems. In little more than half a century, traditional rural landscapes were rapidly industrialized with unforeseen outcomes for essential life support systems. The principal witnesses to this rural revolution were farming communities throughout China. This research project employed the field case study method in Duimenshan Village in Guizhou Province to document and analyze rural transformations since 1949. Local experience, oral histories and geographic changes were documented using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and digital imaging technology including 3D e-Sandbox. The results show that:over the past 60 years, modern agricultural production elements have continuously invaded into the traditional farming system of the village. So far, traditional farming landscape has been replaced by modern agricultural landscape rapidly. The landscape of paddy fields formed by rice planting in the village has been gradually replaced by non-irrigated landscape formed by economic crops with higher market value such as tobacco and Job's tears. Due to the continue replacement of the space with grain crops by economic crops, economic crops are now the major crops in the village instead of grain crops. Moreover, the varieties of grain crops have turned from traditional cultivars to hybrid varieties. The traditional cultivars have almost disappeared nowadays. The industrialized model of agricultural production has gradually replaced the traditional sustainable farming pattern driven by economic interests, causing the changes of the farming landscape in the village. The consequences for food safety and the integrity of water and soil ecosystems were not adequately considered. Our research raises important questions whether the ecological sustainability of rural resources, the health of farming communities, their long term economic viability, and traditional cultural heritage values are being sacrificed for short term economic gains.

Key words: traditional farming landscape, villagers' memories, 3D e-Sandbox, ecological sustainability of rural resources

中图分类号:

王晓军, 田晋嘉, 张晓彤, 宇林军, 段进明. 基于村民记忆的乡村农耕景观变迁研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(1): 115-120.

WANG Xiao-jun, TIAN Jin-jia, ZHANG Xiao-tong, YU Lin-jun, DUAN Jin-ming. Research on Changes of Rural Farming Landscape Based on Villagers' Memories[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(1): 115-120.

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基于村民记忆的乡村农耕景观变迁研究

Research on Changes of Rural Farming Landscape Based on Villagers' Memories

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