草海国家级自然保护区景观格局变化与景观发展强度研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0085

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于遥感技术和地理信息系统，结合实地调查，选取草海国家级自然保护区1974、1992、2001和2015年4期遥感景观数据，将研究区景观斑块分为7种类型。使用多个景观指数指标和景观发展强度指数，对保护区不同时期的景观格局特征和变化以及景观发展强度变化及其规律进行分析。结果表明，草海国家级自然保护区在不同时期受气候、降水、水土流失和水体富营养化等自然驱动因素以及人口经济增长、土地利用、工农业污染等人为驱动因素综合影响，景观斑块、多样性、优势度、均匀度和破碎度等景观指数呈较大波动；4个时期保护区湿地景观发展强度指数平均为4.00±0.24，并且在2015年达到最高值4.27，说明草海湿地类型属于农业湿地，接近城镇湿地，处于中等健康水平。为确保草海国家级自然保护区生态环境健康发展，规范和统筹保护区景观的合理配置是草海综合治理需要考虑的重要措施。

关键词: 景观格局, 景观发展强度, 地理信息系统技术, 草海国家级自然保护区

Abstract:

Landscape pattern changes and landscape development are indicators of wetland ecosystem health. By interpreting multi-temporal TM images of 1974, 1992, 2001 and 2015 of Caohai National Nature Reserve, based on remote sensing and geographic information system, and field investigation on the Caohai wetland, the landscape was classified into 7 elements as, cultivated land, forest land, wasteland, mudflat, meadow swamp, building site and lake. And 5 landscape indexes, i.e. landscape patches area, landscape diversity index, landscape dominant index, landscape evenness index and landscape fragment index were chosen to analyze the landscape character, landscape pattern change and landscape development. The results show that, the landscape diversity index, landscape dominant index, landscape evenness index and landscape fragment index presented large fluctuation, affected by multiple factors including the natural driving factors such as climate change, precipitation, soil erosion and water eutrophication, and human driving factors such as population and economic growth, land use, industrial and agricultural pollution during the 4 periods. Additionally, the mean landscape development intensity index (I_LD,total) of the 4 periods was 4.00±0.24, which reached to the highest value in 2015 (I_LD,2015=4.27), indicates that Caohai wetland belonged to agricultural wetland type, in which the agricultural uses in the watersheds were primarily row crops and pasture. The Caohai wetland is shifting to unban wetland type with the rapid development of urban construction. So, reasonable configuration of the wetland landscape is a comprehensive management measures to ensure the healthy development of ecological environment in Caohai National Nature Reserve.

Key words: landscape pattern, landscape development intensity, geographic information system technology, Caohai National Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

张明明, 张黎俊, 粟海军, 蔡静芸, 胡灿实. 草海国家级自然保护区景观格局变化与景观发展强度研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(3): 300-306.

ZHANG Ming-ming, ZHANG Li-jun, SU Hai-jun, CAI Jing-yun, HU Can-shi. Study on the Landscape Pattern Changes and the Landscape Development Intensity of Caohai National Nature Reserve, Guizhou[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(3): 300-306.

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