典型底栖生物泥鳅的急性毒性物种敏感性评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0144

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泥鳅（Misgumus anguillicadatus）是重要的本土底栖鱼类。通过搜集、筛选氨氮、重金属（Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺）、农药（敌敌畏、硫丹）和苯系物（硝基苯）对泥鳅的急性毒性数据，利用物种敏感性分布曲线评价泥鳅对各污染物的敏感性。结果表明，氨氮、硝基苯、敌敌畏、硫丹、Cu²⁺对泥鳅为剧毒级污染物〔ρ（LC₅₀）<1 mg·L^-1〕，其中泥鳅对敌敌畏敏感度最高，物种累积概率为5.88%。泥鳅对Ni²⁺的耐受性较强，对该污染物的胁迫不敏感。与模式鱼类相比，泥鳅对敌敌畏、硫丹、Cu²⁺和硝基苯的敏感性远高于斑马鱼（Danio rerio），体现出泥鳅具有作为上述污染物监测指示物种的潜力。综上，泥鳅可作为研究农药、Cu²⁺和硝基苯水质基准的受试生物。

关键词: 泥鳅, 物种敏感性分布, 水质基准, 淡水鱼类, 指示生物

Abstract:

Misgumus anguillicadatus is a representative ground fish endemic to China. The data of acute ecotoxicity of ammonia, heavy metals (Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺), pesticides (dichlorvos and endosulfan), and nitrobenzene to Misgumus anguillicadatus were screened and collected. The species sensitivity distribution method was used to evaluate the sensitivity of Misgumus anguillicadatus to chemicals above. According to the toxicity grade, ammonia, dichlorvos, endosulfan, and Cu²⁺ were extremely toxic to Misgumus anguillicadatus while nitrobenzene was highly toxic[ρ(LC₅₀)<1 mg·L^-1]. Misgumus anguillicadatus was especially susceptible to dichlorvos with the cumulative probability of 5.88% and was relatively tolerant to Ni²⁺. Compared to the model fish, Danio rerio, Misgumus anguillicadatus showed a higher sensitivity to dichlorvos, endosulfan, Cu²⁺, and nitrobenzene, indicating its potency of being a bio-indicator for those substances. Misgumus anguillicadatus can be used as the experimental subject for water quality criteria studies of pesticides, Cu²⁺, and nitrobenzene.

Key words: Misgumus anguillicadatus, species sensitivity distribution, water quality criteria, freshwater fish, bioindicator

中图分类号:

X826

李政, 何欢祺, 张天旭, 张秋英, 何丽, 闫振广. 典型底栖生物泥鳅的急性毒性物种敏感性评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(3): 392-397.

LI Zheng, HE Huan-qi, ZHANG Tian-xu, ZHANG Qiu-ying, HE Li, YAN Zhen-guang. Species Sensitivity Evaluation of Misgumus anguillicadatus[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(3): 392-397.

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