春季枯水期黑河水体理化性质的空间分布特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0393

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用2017年4月黑河干流17个采样点的11个水物理化学指标数据，运用多元统计方法探讨春季枯水期黑河水体理化性质的空间分布特征。结果表明：黑河水体理化性质在空间分布上总体较好，但中游ρ（TN）介于2.25~2.65 mg·L^-1之间，超出了GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅴ类标准。由聚类分析和判别分析得出水质采样点可以被划分为3组：组1为黑河的上游上段，组2为上游下段，组3为中游段，影响分类结果的指标为水温、TN浓度、TP浓度和COD。主成分分析表明，不同空间上引起水质变化的主导因子不同：组1主要体现为pH值、TP浓度、NH₄⁺-N浓度和COD；其余指标如电导率、溶解性总固体浓度、盐度、TN浓度、DO浓度和NO₂^--N浓度则体现在组3中。综合主成分得分情况表明空间上河流水质在组2最优，组1次之，组3最差，说明春季枯水期黑河梯级水电开发对污染物的截留效应和阻隔效应在一定程度上改善了库区下游水质；而中游水质变差则与农业径流、生活污水和工业废水的排放密切相关。

关键词: 水体, 理化性质, 空间分布, 多元统计分析, 黑河

Abstract:

The spatial distribution of water physicochemical properties is very important for the management and protection of water resources. Intuitive analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and principal analysis were used to analyze the water quality and the spatial distribution of water physicochemical properties of the Heihe River during the dry season, mainly based on 11 sampling data monitored at 17 different sites on the stream channel in April, 2017. The results show that the water quality in the Heihe River is generally good and has strong self-purification capability, but the value of TN varies between 2.25 and 2.65 mg·L^-1 in the middle reach, with the levels exceeding the Ⅴ class of national surface water environment standard. According to cluster and discriminant analysis, the samples were divided into 3 groups in spatial scale, of which the former two groups were sampled at the upper and lower stretch of the upper reach, respectively, while the third group sampled at the middle reach. The results reveal that WT, TN, TP and COD were the significant index. Principal component analysis showed that pH, TP, NH₄⁺-N, COD were main factors controlling the water quality in the upper stretch of the upper reach(group 1), while EC, TDS, salinity, TN, DO and NO₂^--N were the main factors in the middle reach(group 3). The order of comprehensive scores for principal components indicated that the water quality in the lower stretch of the upper reach(group 2) is the best, followed by group 1, while group 3 is the worst. Our study indicate that the interception effect and blocking effect due to hydroelectric cascade exploitation on Heihe Rriver may take an active role in water quality improvement. Intensive human activities such as municipal sewage, agricultural irrigation and industrial sewage may be the main reason for the water body pollution in the middle reach.

Key words: water body, physicochemical property, spatial distribution, multivariate statistical analysis, Heihe River

中图分类号:

王昱, 卢世国, 刘娟娟, 时文强, 郭亚敏. 春季枯水期黑河水体理化性质的空间分布特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 433-441.

WANG Yu, LU Shi-guo, LIU Juan-juan, SHI Wen-qiang, GUO Ya-min. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Water in the Heihe River During Low Water Periods in Spring[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 433-441.

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