作物种植变化对资源与环境影响的能值分析：以湖北省1978—2015年作物种植变化为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0245

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用能值分析和弹性分析方法相结合评价湖北省作物种植变化对农业生产效率和资源环境的影响。结果表明，1978—2015年间湖北省农业生产效率较高，环境可持续性较强，但是近年来农业生产环境压力增大，环境负荷率略有上升趋势。各能值指标变化的空间差异也较明显，其中江汉平原地区能值投入率和能值产投比较高，同时环境负荷率最高，表明其可持续发展指数较低，增速较缓；东西部地区农业能值投入率和能值产投比均较小，环境负荷率较低，表明其可持续发展能力较高，且增长速率较快，环境压力也较小。1978—2015年湖北省水稻、棉花和豆类作物播种面积比例对可持续发展指数的弹性系数为负值且富有弹性，蔬菜和水果作物播种面积比例对可持续发展指数的弹性系数呈现波动，由正值转为负值再转为正值。由于湖北省环境负荷率较大主要是由化肥施用量较大引起的，因此湖北省未来农业发展在注重效率的同时要高度关注农业生态环境，减少单位面积化肥施用量，减轻农业生产导致的环境压力，促进农业可持续发展。

关键词: 作物种植变化, 环境负荷率, 可持续发展指数, 能值分析, 弹性分析

Abstract:

The impacts of crop planting change on agricultural productive efficiency and the environmental sustainability were evaluated by using emergy analysis method,elasticity approach and the planting data of Hubei province from 1978 to 2015. Results indicate that the agricultural productivity was relatively high and presented an environmental sustainability in Hubei province overall the period,whereas the environment load had been found increasing in recent years. The emergy investment ratio (EIR)and emergy yield and investment ratio (EYIR)varied in different regions of Hubei province. The EIR and EYIR were both higher in the most productive regions. Jianghan plain,compared to the rest regions of the province,associated with a highest environmental loading ratio (ELR). Therefore,for the Jianghan plain the emergy sustainability index (ESI)was lower with slow growth. The EIR and EYIR were lower in the east and west areas of the province associated with a lower ELR,therefore the ESI was higher and supported a fast growth. The crop planting area elasticities of ESI were negative and the absolute coefficient values were great for rice,cotton,and legume crops cross the province from 1978 to 2015. The elasticity coefficients for vegetables and fruit crops were fluctuated with the values changing from positive to negative,and back to positive. The overuse of fertilizer resulted in the increase on ELR. More attention should be paid to the agro-ecosystem to mitigate the environmental pressure and promote the sustainability of agriculture,such as reducing application level of fertilizer.

Key words: the change of crop planting, environment loading, sustainable development, emergy analysis, elasticity analysis

中图分类号:

曾琳琳, 李晓云, 黄玛兰, 王娜. 作物种植变化对资源与环境影响的能值分析：以湖北省1978—2015年作物种植变化为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(5): 608-616.

ZENG Lin-lin, LI Xiao-yun, HUANG Ma-lan, WANG Na. The Impact Emergy Analysis of Crop Planting Change on the Resource and Environments: A Case Study of Hubei From 1978-2015[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(5): 608-616.

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