基于肥水资源化的河网区镇域农业面源污染控制系统的构建：以太湖地区新建镇为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0478

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

河网地区农业面源污染控制不仅要考虑去污效果和成本，还应兼顾资源化利用。以太湖西岸宜兴市新建镇种植业、畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业产生的3种污染源为对象，调查获得该镇3种污染源污水负荷、各污染物（总氮、总磷、氨氮、COD）输出负荷及农田灌溉需水量，并估算污水农用灌溉潜力和养殖粪污氮磷农用潜力。结合当地适宜的单项面源污染控制技术，在达到GB 5084—2005《农田灌溉水质标准》要求的前提下，提出了全部畜禽粪污处理后还田（模式I）、全部畜禽粪污处理后还田及部分水产养殖污水处理后农灌（模式Ⅱ）2种农业面源污染控制系统，并估算系统各污染物削减量和成本。结果表明，每年全部畜禽养殖污水（71.96×10³ m³）和部分水产养殖污水（2 277.11×10³ m³）经处理达标后用于灌溉，可以满足新建镇农田灌溉需水量（模式Ⅱ）；该系统总氮、总磷、氨氮和COD入河削减率分别为84.3%、94.2%、89.6%和94.0%，每年N、P肥施用量可分别减少81.8和39.9 kg·hm^-2。为了节约成本，仅考虑畜禽养殖污水处理达标用于农灌（71.96×10³ m³）（模式I）可满足3%农田灌溉需水量，该系统总氮、总磷、氨氮和COD入河削减率分别为83.0%、93.7%、88.7%和93.7%，每年N、P肥施用量可分别减少52.0和34.2 kg·hm^-2。所提出的2种肥水资源化农业面源污染控制系统可为新建镇污染控制工程建设提供技术参考。

关键词: 农业面源污染, 肥水资源化, 太湖地区, 镇域污染控制系统

Abstract:

In river network areas,the control of agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP)should consider not only the pollutant removal effect and cost but also the resource utilization efficiency. Taking Xinjian Town,Yixing City on the west bank of Taihu Lake as an example,the volume of wastewater and the pollutant loads discharged from three pollution sources (crop farming,livestock and aquaculture)were investigated. The demand of water for irrigation and the potential reuse of wastewater for irrigation and the potential reuse of nitrogen (N)and phosphorus (P)from manure and wastewater for fertilizing cropland were also estimated. The performance of two schemes of ANPSP control system (Scheme I:reuse of all livestock wastewater and manure;Scheme Ⅱ:reuse of all livestock wastewater and manure and some aquaculture wastewater)on pollutant reduction efficiency (TN,TP,NH₃-N,and COD)and economic cost were evaluated. The results show that if all the livestock wastewater (71.96×10³ m³) and some aquaculture wastewater (2 277.11×10³ m³)were reused for irrigation after processing could meet the total irrigation water demand in Xinjian Town (Scheme Ⅱ). The removal efficiencies of Scheme Ⅱ for the pollutants TN,TP,NH₃-N,and COD were 84.3%, 94.2%,89.6% and 94.0%,respectively. In addition,Scheme Ⅱ could reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by nearly 81.8 kg·hm^-2 of N and 39.9 kg·hm^-2 of P annually. In order to reduce costs,Scheme I that only reuse livestock wastewater (71.96×10³ m³)for irrigation after processing could only meet with 3% of irrigation water demand. The removal efficiencies of Scheme I for the pollutants TN,TP,NH₃-N,and COD were 83.0%,93.7%,88.7% and 93.7%,respectively,and the use of N and P fertilizers can be reduced by nearly 52.0 and 34.2 kg·hm^-2 annually. The proposed two schemes of ANPSP control system with consideration of nutrients and wastewater recycling may provide a reference for the construction of pollution control projects in Xinjian Town.

Key words: agricultural non-point-source pollution, reuse of wastewater and nutrient, Taihu Lake, systems for controlling pollution in town

中图分类号:

孙笑蕾, 胡正义, 刘莉, 李松炎, 刘福来. 基于肥水资源化的河网区镇域农业面源污染控制系统的构建：以太湖地区新建镇为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(5): 582-592.

SUN Xiao-lei, HU Zheng-yi, LIU Li, LI Song-yan, LIU Fu-lai. Pollutant Reduction Systems for Controlling Agricultural Non-Point-Source Pollution in Town District of River Network Area Based on Reuse of Wastewater and Nutrient: A Case Study in Xinjian Town,Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(5): 582-592.

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