不同水氮管理条件下稻田氨挥发损失特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0249

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于田间试验，采用密闭室连续抽取法研究不同水分和氮肥管理条件下稻田氨挥发损失特征，以期为减少水稻生产中氮素损失提供理论依据。结果表明，氨挥发损失主要发生在基肥阶段，氨挥发量占当季损失量的52.92%~90.78%；氮肥管理模式显著影响氨挥发损失，采用普通尿素与缓释尿素配施的一次性基施能显著降低8.27%~14.22%的氨挥发损失。在常规施肥1〔m（基肥）∶m（分蘖肥）∶m（穗肥）=5∶2∶3，肥料种类均为普通尿素，N1〕条件下，控制灌溉处理氨挥发损失较常规灌溉处理显著降低10.04%（P<0.05）。各施肥处理氨挥发量与同期田面水NH₄⁺-N浓度呈线性正相关。综合氨挥发排放强度分析，控制灌溉和采用普通尿素与缓释尿素配施的一次性基施组合是资源高效利用和环境友好的稻田水肥管理模式。

关键词: 水分管理, 氮肥管理, 稻田, 氨挥发

Abstract:

To provide a theoretical basis for reducing ammonia volatilization from paddy fields,the effects of different water management and nitrogen schemes on ammonia volatilization from paddy soil were studied. A field experiment was conducted to study the dynamics of ammonia volatilization by the closed airflow chamber method under a paddy ecosystem in the Jianghuai Hilly Region from June to September 2016. The results show that 52.92%-90.78% of total ammonia volatilization during the rice growth period occurred within the first 11 days after basal fertilization. A single basal application of slow-release urea combined with common urea reduced ammonia volatilization by 8.27%-14.22%. For conventional fertilization,ammonia volatilization under controlled irrigation decreased by 10.04% relative to that under conventional irrigation. A positive correlation was observed between ammonia volatilization and ammonium-nitrogen concentration in the surface water or 0-10 cm soil. The single basal application of slow-release urea combined with common urea under the water-saving irrigation treatment was identified to be a high-efficiency and environmental friendly model,referred to as the water-nitrogen application coupling management model.

Key words: water management, nitrogen management, paddy field, ammonia volatilization

中图分类号:

X51
S274

邬刚, 袁嫚嫚, 曹哲伟, 张兆冬, 王莉莉, 王永露, 孙义祥. 不同水氮管理条件下稻田氨挥发损失特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(5): 651-658.

WU Gang, YUAN Man-man, CAO Zhe-wei, ZHANG Zhao-dong, WANG Li-li, WANG Yong-lu, SUN Yi-xiang. Ammonia Volatilization Under Different Water Management and Nitrogen Schemes in a Paddy Field[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(5): 651-658.

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