1980-2015年广东省乡村聚落的空间特征与演变

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0629

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村聚落研究是乡村地理学研究的重点内容，是贯彻实施中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会"乡村振兴战略"行动内容之一。基于广东省1980-2015年7期乡村居民点数据，运用景观指数和GIS空间分析方法，探讨广东省及珠三角、粤东、粤西、粤北4大子区域乡村聚落规模、形状、聚集/破碎度特征与演变模式。结果表明：（1）1980-2015年广东省乡村聚落规模占全省陆域面积的2.3%~2.8%，按面积从大到小依次为珠三角、粤西、粤北和粤东，按占各区域面积的比例从大到小依次为粤西、粤东、珠三角和粤北；粤西乡村聚落的平均规模（14.4~21.9 m²）和规模变异程度（斑块面积标准差144.7）最大，其次是粤东和珠三角，粤北聚落斑块最小（10.5~11.1 m²），变化幅度不明显；（2）粤西和珠三角地区斑块形状指数值比粤东、粤北地区大，形状较为复杂，粤东、粤北和珠三角的乡村聚落景观形状指数曲线变幅较小，粤西地区曲线明显下滑；（3）平均最近邻体指数在1980-2015年间均小于1且动态变幅不大，表明广东省及4大子区域乡村聚落在空间上呈集聚分布状态；（4）密度分布结果表明乡村聚落呈现东西两翼密集、北部及中部稀疏的空间格局模式。以上结果说明，从不同视角运用多个景观指数可有效揭示景观空间不同侧面的空间特征；"乡村振兴"落地实施需要进一步深化关于自然地理、社会经济及乡土文化等对乡村聚落空间特征影响的研究，加强政府决策对乡村聚落数量、形状以及空间分布特征的引导性机制研究。

关键词: 乡村聚落, 空间特征, 演变模式, 景观格局指数, 广东省

Abstract:

Rural settlements research is a key part of rural geography studies and is one of the contents of the implementation of the "Rural Revitalization Strategy" of the 19th CPC National Congress. Based on the data of rural settlements in the period from 1980 to 2015, landscape index and GIS spatial analysis methods are used to explore the scale, shape, aggregation/fragmentation characteristics and evolution model of rural settlements in four sub-regions of Guangdong Province and Pearl River Delta, Eastern, Western and Northern Guangdong since the reform and opening-up. Results show firstly that the rural settlement area in Guangdong Province accounts for 2. 3%-2. 8% of the total land area of Guangdong Province in terms of scale characteristics from 1980 to 2015. The ranking in the order of sub-areas' size are the Pearl River Delta > Western > Northern > Eastern Guangdong. According to the proportion of each region, however, the order is Western > Eastern Guangdong > the Pearl River Delta > Northern Guangdong. The average area (14. 4-21. 9 m²) and scale variability (Patch Area Standard Deviation:144. 7) of rural settlements in Western Guangdong are the largest, followed by Eastern Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta. The northern Guangdong has the smallest patch (10. 5-11. 1 m²) and ignorable change. Secondly, the index value of patch shape in the Western Guangdong and Pearl River Delta region is larger and more complex than that in the Eastern and Northern Guangdong in terms of shape characteristics. Small change has been observed in the Land Shape Index curve of the rural settlement in Eastern and Northern Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta, while that of Western Guangdong is obviously declining. Thirdly, the Euclidean Nearest Neighbor Index was less than 1 in terms of aggregation/fragmentation characteristics from 1980 to 2015. The dynamic variation range was not obvious which indicates the rural agglomeration distribution in Guangdong Province and the four sub-regions. Finally, the spatial density distribution of rural settlements presents a pattern of "dense in the east and west wings, sparse in the north and central areas". The above results reveal that using multiple landscape indexes from different perspectives can effectively reveal the characteristics of different aspects of landscape space. The implementation of "rural revitalization" needs further deepen on the impact of physical geography, community economy and rural culture on the spatial characteristics of rural settlements, and strengthen the research on the guiding mechanism of government decisionmaking on the number, shape and spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements.

Key words: rural settlement effect, spatial characteristic, evolution model, landscape pattern index, Guangdong Province

中图分类号:

简钰清, 陈颖怡, 谢圆圆, 龚建周. 1980-2015年广东省乡村聚落的空间特征与演变[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(6): 698-706.

JIAN Yu-qing, CHEN Ying-yi, XIE Yuan-yuan, GONG Jian-zhou. Dynamic Analysis of the Spatial Structure and Evolution Model of Rural Settlement in Guangdong Province From 1980 to 2015[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(6): 698-706.

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