生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 787-794.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0818

• 污染控制与修复 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同构造生态沟渠的农田面源污染物处理能力及实际应用效果

刘福兴1, 陈桂发1, 付子轼1, 杨林章2, 王俊力1   

  1. 1. 上海市农业科学院/上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201403;
    2. 江苏省农业科学院, 江苏 南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-10 出版日期:2019-06-25 发布日期:2019-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 王俊力 E-mail:wangjunli@saas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:刘福兴(1975-),男,吉林长春人,副研究员,主要从事水环境治理和水生态修复研究。E-mail:liufuxing@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-004);上海市农业科学院学科领域建设专项

Comparison on Effects of Practical Application of Ecological Ditches With Different Construction in Treating Agricultural Non-Point Pollutants

LIU Fu-xing1, CHEN Gui-fa1, FU Zi-shi1, YANG Lin-zhang2, WANG Jun-li1   

  1. 1. Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China;
    2. Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
  • Received:2018-12-10 Online:2019-06-25 Published:2019-06-25

摘要:

比较研究同一规格(深1.30 m)、不同构造[植被(E)、沸石填料(E)和沟底植被+沸石填料(E草+填)]的3种生态沟渠在模拟动态进水条件下对农田面源铵态氮(NH4+-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和悬浮物(SS)等主要污染物的去除效率,并分析采用沟底植被与沸石填料的生态沟渠对模拟降雨径流的实际拦截净化效果。结果表明,在进水污染物ρ(NH4+-N)为0.17~1.23 mg·L-1ρ(TN)为0.86~6.13 mg·L-1ρ(TP)为0.11~0.24 mg·L-1ρ(SS)为24.0~70.0 mg·L-1条件下,3种构造生态沟渠对NH4+-N、TN、TP和SS的去除效率均达到50%以上,其中生态沟渠E草+填对污染物的去除效率最高,NH4+-N、TN、TP和SS的总平均去除效率均超过70%,稳定性也相对较强。沟渠中ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)随迁移距离呈指数递减趋势。模拟生态沟渠对降雨径流氮磷去除效率研究结果表明,110 m长的沟底植被与沸石填料生态沟渠在进水污染物低浓度条件下对TN的最终处理效果较好,而在进水污染物高浓度条件下对TP的处理效果较好。在实际应用时,建议因地制宜地选择不同构造的生态沟渠,可进一步提高生态沟渠的拦截净化能力。

关键词: 生态沟渠, 农田排水, 总氮, 总磷, 去除效率

Abstract:

In order to understand how ecological ditches, same in depth (1. 30 m) and different in constructions (grass, fillers, grass and fillers), can reduce main agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollutants under the same condition, pollutants removal efficiency were evaluated under dynamic inflow concentration[ρ (NH4+-N)=0. 17-1. 23 mg·L-1, ρ (TN)=0. 86-6. 13 mg·L-1, ρ (TP)=0. 11-0. 24 mg·L-1 and ρ (SS)=24. 0-70. 0 mg·L-1]. And the effects of practical application of ecological ditch were also analyzed. Results show that, all the three kind of ecological ditches were quite high in NPS pollutants removal efficiency (>50%), regardless of the difference in construction. Ditch with grass and fillers had the highest pollutant removal efficiency. The mean ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and suspended substance (SS) removal rates of the ditch were all higher than 70%, and with relatively high stability. The concentrations of TN and TP in the ditch were decreased exponentially along with distance. In simulated rainfall runoff experiment, the final TN removal effect of the actual 110 m ecological ditch was higher under the low inflow TN concentration, while TP removal effect was higher under the high inflow TP concentration. This research is expected to be of great practical guiding significance to the control of agricultural NPS pollution.

Key words: ecological ditch, farmland drainage, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, removal efficiency

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