玉米秸秆生物炭和碳骨架的制备及对农田土壤CO2排放的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0131

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明生物炭对黄土高原石灰性农田土壤CO₂排放的影响及机理，于400、600和800℃条件下制备玉米秸秆生物炭（BC），并采用热水浸提法制备碳骨架（BS）。在分析材料基本性质的基础上，将其分别按质量比1%和2%与土壤充分混匀，开展为期50 d的室内静态土壤培养实验。结果表明，随着热解温度的升高（从400℃上升到800℃），玉米秸秆生物炭和碳骨架的pH值和总碱性含氧官能团含量显著增加，而溶解性有机碳（DOC）含量、易氧化有机碳（ROC）含量和总酸性含氧官能团含量则显著降低（P<0.05）。碳骨架DOC和ROC含量均显著低于同一热解温度条件下制得的生物炭（P<0.05）。随着添加材料（生物炭或碳骨架）热解温度的升高，各处理CO₂累积排放量呈降低趋势，且添加生物炭处理的CO₂累积排放量高于添加碳骨架处理，尤其是BC-2%处理CO₂累积排放量显著高于BS-1%处理（P<0.05）。在整个培养过程中，培养体系的DOC和ROC含量均呈降低趋势，但DOC含量降低幅度（87.90%~89.18%）大于ROC含量（19.29%~38.49%）；培养过程中400、600和800℃处理DOC和ROC含量均呈BC-2%>BC-1%/BS-2%>BS-1%>对照趋势。在添加生物炭或碳骨架处理中，与ROC含量相比，DOC含量对CO₂排放变化的解释程度更高，且达到显著水平（P<0.01）。DOC和ROC含量均是影响黄土高原石灰性农田土壤CO₂排放的重要因素，但相比较而言，DOC含量的影响更加显著。

关键词: 生物炭, 碳骨架, CO₂排放, 溶解性有机碳, 易氧化有机碳

Abstract: The objective of the research is to explore the effects and mechanisms of biochars on CO₂ emission from Loess Plateau alkaline farmland soil. Maize straw-derived biochars (BCs) were prepared at 400, 600 and 800℃, and their carbon skeletons (BS) were extracted by hot water. After analyzing the fundamental physicochemical properties of the six kinds of materials, each was thoroughly mixed with the soil by the mass ratios of 1% or 2%, and subsequently an indoor static soil incubation experiment was carried out for 50 days. The results show that pH value and the amount of total alkaline oxygen-containing functional group of BC and BS significantly increased with the pyrolysis temperature increasing from 400 to 800℃, while the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), readily oxidized organic carbon (ROC) and the amount of total acidic oxygen-containing functional group significantly decreased (P<0.05).[JP2]The contents of DOC and ROC in the BS were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of BC produced at the same pyrolysis temperature. With the increase of the pyrolysis temperature of the added BC or BS, the cumulative CO₂ emissions of the treatments with BC or BS decreased. Moreover, the cumulative CO₂ emissions of the treatments with BC were higher than that with BS. Especially, the cumulative CO₂ emissions of BC-2% was significantly higher than that of BS-1% (P<0.05). During the whole incubation, the contents of DOC and ROC in the amended soil decreased. However, the reduction extent of DOC (87.90%-89.18%) was greater than ROC (19.29%-38.49%). Moreover, both the contents of DOC and ROC show the following trend:BC-2% > BC-1%/BS-2% > BS-1% > Control during the incubation of the soil amended with BC or BS prepared at 400, 600 or 800℃. Additionally, the results show that DOC content could explain the variance of CO₂ emissions more than ROC in the treatments with BC or BS amendment (P<0.01). DOC and ROC are the important factors affecting CO₂ emissions from Loess Plateau alkaline farmland soil. However, the impact of DOC on CO₂ emissions was more significant than ROC.

Key words: biochar, carbon skeleton, carbon dioxide emission, dissolved organic carbon, readily oxidized organic carbon

中图分类号:

X511

牛淑娟, 王朝旭, 贺国华, 曹渺, 张浩, 覃存立, 张峰, 崔建国, 李红艳. 玉米秸秆生物炭和碳骨架的制备及对农田土壤CO₂排放的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(1): 95-105.

NIU Shu-juan, WANG Chao-xu, HE Guo-hua, CAO Miao, ZHANG Hao, QIN Cun-li, ZHANG Feng, CUI Jian-guo, LI Hong-yan. Preparation of Maize Straw-derived Biochars and Corresponding Carbon Skeletons and Their Effects on CO₂ Emissions From Farmland Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(1): 95-105.

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玉米秸秆生物炭和碳骨架的制备及对农田土壤CO₂排放的影响

Preparation of Maize Straw-derived Biochars and Corresponding Carbon Skeletons and Their Effects on CO₂ Emissions From Farmland Soil

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