叶尔羌河下游河岸胡杨种群长势与植物多样性对淹灌的响应评估

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0521

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过定量研究叶尔羌河下游河岸胡杨（Populus euphratica）种群长势与植物多样性对淹灌的响应，为优化叶尔羌河流域水资源管理与生态保护实践提供理论依据。于2016-2018年3次调查叶尔羌河下游植被数据，采用Pielou指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和重要值等指标分析植被对淹灌的响应。结果表明，淹灌2 a后，叶尔羌河下游河岸胡杨Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数分别增加124.8%、119.6%和246.9%，且新增喜湿和一年生草本植物等12种，植被盖度为42.5%，增幅达112.5%。研究区胡杨林为中老龄，胡杨长势没有恶化，中等级以上胡杨林增加3.9%，胡杨平均枝下高下降7.7%。随着距生态闸口距离的增加，植物密度和多样性均有减小趋势，但距生态闸口距离450 m处植物多样性和植物密度较高，与150、300和600 m处差异显著（P<0.05），在150和300 m处优势种为苦豆子和芦苇等一年生草本和喜湿植物，在450 m范围外优势种则为胡杨、柽柳和耐旱多年生草本。2 a的淹灌工程遏制了胡杨林退化趋势，植物多样性和植被盖度显著提高，同时荒漠河岸林植物群落在450 m范围内更新能力得到增强，生物多样性得到保护。为维持目前生态好转趋势，应继续实施淹灌工程。

关键词: 淹灌, 多样性指数, 重要值, 叶尔羌河下游

Abstract:

By quantitatively studying the response of Populus euphratica population growth and plant diversity to flooding irrigation in lower reaches of Yarkant River basin,a theoretical basis for optimizing water resource management regulation and ecological protection practice in Yarkant River Basin is provided. From 2016 to 2018,Three visits were paid to the lower reaches of Yarkant River to obtain vegetation survey data,and to analyze the response of Populus euphratica population to flooding irrigation with the aid of Pielou index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and important values. The results show that after 2 a of flooding irrigation the Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index increased by 124.8%,119.6% and 246.9% for Populus euphratica forest in lower reaches of Yarkant River,respectively,and 12 new species of hygrophilous and annual herbaceous plants were found,and vegetation coverage rate was 42.5%,increased by 112.5%. Populus euphratica forest in the study area were medium aged,growth of Populus euphratica did not deteriorate,growth of Populus euphratica forest above medium grade increased by 3.9%,and the height under the crown of Pop-ulus euphratica decreased by 7.7%. With the increase of distance from ecological gate,plant density and diversity had a decreasing trend,but 450 m distance from ecological gate the plant diversity and plant density was significantly higher than that of the plants with 150,300 and 600 m from ecological gate (P<0.05). The dominant species at 150 and 300 m in distance to the ecological gate were annual herbaceous and hygrophilous plant such as Sophora alopecuroides and Phrag-mites australis,etc. Outside the range of 450 m in distance the dominant species were Populus euphratica,Tamarix ra-mosissima and drought-tolerant perennial herbaceous. The 2 a flooding irrigation project ended the tendency of Populus eu-phratica forest degradation,and significantly improved plant diversity and vegetation coverage. At the same time,plant community of desert riparian forest has enhanced its ability to renew within 450 m in distance to the irrigation gate,and biodiversity has been protected. In order to maintain current trend of ecological improvement,flooding irrigation projects should be continued.

Key words: flooding irrigation, diversity index, important value, lower reaches of Yarkant River

中图分类号:

李金, 徐海量, 王勇辉, 赵新风, 高生峰. 叶尔羌河下游河岸胡杨种群长势与植物多样性对淹灌的响应评估[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(7): 859-866.

LI Jin, XU Hai-liang, WANG Yong-hui, ZHAO Xin-feng, GAO Sheng-feng. Evaluation on Response of Populus euphratica Population Growth and Plant Diversity to Flooding Irrigation in Lower Reaches of Yarkant River Basin[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(7): 859-866.

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