草原区煤矿开采对周边旱作农田土壤养分和重金属的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0441

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解草原区煤矿开采对周边旱作农田土壤养分及重金属含量的影响，选取鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗丁家圪堵煤矿周边旱地为研究对象，测定土壤养分（有机质、全N、全P、全K和pH）与重金属（Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg和As）含量，并对土壤养分与重金属含量之间关系以及重金属污染来源进行分析。结果表明，煤矿对矿区周边旱田0~10 cm土壤层养分及重金属含量影响较大，土壤有机质与全N含量明显下降；在距离矿区500 m范围内，土壤Cu和As含量高于对照区（CK）；在2 500 m范围内，土壤Pb和Cr含量均高于CK；在1 250 m范围内，土壤有机质和全N含量均低于CK区域，并与区域内土壤Pb、Cr、Cu和As含量呈负相关。重金属来源分析表明，研究区土壤Zn主要来源于交通运输，Ni主要来源于农业生产活动，Cd与Hg来源于自然成土母质的同时还受到矿区范围外的人为活动影响。因此，对研究区旱地土壤进行治理与保护时应重点管控来自煤矿的Pb、Cr、Cu和As污染。

关键词: 旱地, 土壤养分, 重金属污染, 煤矿区

Abstract:

Coal mining has an important impact on the surrounding rainfed farmland. In order to clarify the effects of coal mining on soil nutrients and heavy metals content in arid grassland area,the soil nutrients (organic matter,total N,total P,total K and pH) and heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni,Hg) were measured in the rainfed farmland around Dingjiagou Coal Mine in Yijin Holuo Banner,Ordos City. The relationship between soil nutrients and heavy metals and the sources of heavy metal pollution were analyzed. The results show that coal mine had a great influence on soil nutrient and heavy metal content in 0-10 cm rainfed farmland around the mining area,and caused the decrease of organic matter and total N content in soil;in the range of 500 m around the coal mine,the contents of heavy metals Cu and As in soil were higher than CK;in the range of 2 500 m around the coal mine,the contents of Pb and Cr in soil were higher than CK. Soil organic matter and total N contents were lower than those of CK at 1 250 m range around the coal mine,and were negatively correlated with the contents of Pb,Cr,Cu and As in the soil;Zn mainly came from transportation;Ni mainly came from agricultural production activities;Cd and Hg came from natural soil parent materials and anthropogenic activity outside coal mine. Therefore,the pollution of Pb,Cr,Cu and As from coal mines should be controlled when the rainfed farmland in this area is to be protected.

Key words: rainfed farmland, soil nutrient, heavy metal pollution, coal mining area

中图分类号:

刘军, 张成福, 孙冬杰, 景艳宾. 草原区煤矿开采对周边旱作农田土壤养分和重金属的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(7): 909-916.

LIU Jun, ZHANG Cheng-fu, SUN Dong-jie, JING Yan-bin. The Impact of Coal Mining on Soil Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Rainfed Farmland in Arid Grassland Area[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(7): 909-916.

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